Boots – shoes – and leggings
Patent
1981-04-17
1984-04-10
Krass, Errol A.
Boots, shoes, and leggings
324142, 34087002, G01R 2106, G06F 1520
Patent
active
044424922
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention refers to a device for central and automatic reading and registration for a consumer's, or a group of consumers', consumption of e.g. electricity, water, gas, heat etc. through the power distribution network. The convention comprises a central unit receiving information from one or more addressable consumer locations, each comprising a sensor for each form of consumption, the measuring data of said sensor being fed to a micro-computer to be stored, said micro-computer being connected to the central unit, said device further comprising means for identifying address and command codes transmitted from the central unit.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The actual cost for producing electric energy varies very strongly between tenths of one Swedish ore (1 Skr=100 ore) per KwH during the spring flood and night time and 15-20 ore per kwh during periods of high demand and dry years. Today the consumer is charged a fixed energy price during the whole year based on the long-term marginal cost calculated from a co-ordination of all electric energy producers of the country. This pricing is not based on the actual cost, but it has hitherto been the only possible realistic pricing system.
A condition for a pricing system which charges the consumer the actual instantaneous energy cost is however a communication system between the distributor and the consumer of electric energy. Modern computer technique has made central and automatic reading and registration of a consumer's consumption possible whereby the ordinary distribution line between the electric power station and the consumer is used as a communication medium.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide a device for more accurate billing of electric energy consumption to improve the possibility for optimal utilization of electric energy when it is cheapest and which therefore appeals to the economy of the consumers. A further object is to considerably simplify and automatate central reading and registration of the energy consumed. These objects have been accomplished by arranging the central unit to automatically perform alteration of billings at the consumer locations by means of control signals, said consumer locations being provided with at least one indication unit for indicating the present energy cost, and by possibly indicating the instantaneous power consumption and/or flow and the accumulated consumption indicated in monetary units and/or energy units.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a power distribution network between a central unit and a number of consumer locations and
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the main parts of a consumer location.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
In FIG. 1 there is shown a power distribution network including three phases R, S, T and possibly a neutral wire (not shown). To the power distribution network there is connected a central unit 11, comprising a computer located at the electric energy distributor or producer, and a great number of consumer locations 12, which can be domestic consumers or heavy consumers such as industries, workshops etc. If the three-phase voltage has to be transformed, by-pass means are preferably arranged at the transformer stations, said by-pass means comprising, e.g., optically transmitting codified signal messages on the three-phase line past the transformer station. The computer located in the central unit 11 sends out digital, preferably binary, control signals to all consumer locations 12 by way of the power distribution network. The control signals preferably comprise an address part and a command part indicated by a micro-computer 13 (FIG. 2) arranged in the consumer location 12. When the address part coincides with the identification code of the consumer location, which is stored in a memory 14, the micro-computer will decode the command part of the control signal. Said command part can e.g. consist of the command: "read the accumulated consumption since the last reading in the memory 15 and send the
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Jonson Ingvar
Karlsson Bjorn G. E.
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