Measuring and testing – Dynamometers – Responsive to force
Patent
1997-05-16
1998-11-17
Noori, Max H.
Measuring and testing
Dynamometers
Responsive to force
7386246, G01L 510
Patent
active
058379100
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
Within, inter alia, the paper, plastics, textile and metal industries, that is, where it is a question of producing paper, fabric of various kinds, and rolled products in the form of a continuous web, there is a considerable need to be able to measure tensile force and/or tensile stress in the continuous web in order to indicate, monitor and control the manufacturing process. The present invention is based on a device designed either as an integrated load cell with two single-shaft measuring force transducers, or as two single-shaft measuring load cells, which together measure the force on an object, for example a bearing bracket. To determine the tensile force in a continuous web, it is further assumed that the web runs over a deflector roll which is journalled on both sides in such a bearing bracket. The invention further comprises a method which, with the aid of the measured quantities and some known geometrical conditions, permits determination of the magnitude and direction of the total force, that is, permits carrying out a two-shaft force measurement. This is finally applied to the determination of the tensile force and/or the tensile stress in a continuous web where either the entry angle .alpha. or the exit angle .beta. of the continuous web is unknown.
BACKGROUND ART, THE PROBLEMS
One known principle of measuring tensile force and/or tensile stress in a continuous web is described in the ABB pamphlet Pillow Block Web Tensiometer, 3BSE 004327R0001. The measurement is normally performed such that the web is allowed to pass over a deflector roll, which at each shaft end is journalled in a bearing bracket which is mounted on a load cell. This, in turn, is fixed to a rigid base. The load cell consists of a load cell housing, generally referred to as Pillow Block, with one built-in transducer of preferably magnetoelastic type. The load cell housing is designed such that, if the load cell only measures the force which is oriented in the longitudinal direction of the load cell and parallel to the mounting surface. This type of load cell is normally mounted on a horizontal surface and is usually referred to as a horizontal-measuring load cell since it is sensitive to forces in the horizontal direction thereof.
There are also vertical-measuring load cells of the Pillow Block type, which, among other things, is clear from the KELK pamphlet "MONOBLOC", MST-BR-696. This measures only the force which is perpendicular to the mounting surface. This type of load cell normally has at least two built-in transducers in order thus to stabilize the construction.
There are also torque-measuring load cells of the Pillow Block type which measure the torque which arises over the load cell and the bearing bracket. This type of load cell has one built-in transducer and measures all the forces which are not directed through the torque point of the transducer. To calculate the tensile force and/or the tensile stress in the web, the position of the axial point at the deflector in relation to the position of the torque point of the load cell must be known. Such a load cell is clear from, among other things, the KELK pamphlet "Tensiometers for Rolling Mills".
To be able to calculate the tensile force and/or the tensile stress in a web with any of the types of load cells described above, it is, in addition, necessary to have knowledge of the entry angle .alpha. and the exit angle .beta. of the web relative to a horizontal plane.
In certain rolling processes, however, especially in connection with coiling, one of the deflection angles will vary concurrently with the diameter of the coil, either decreasing or increasing depending on whether it is a question of winding off or winding up.
To be able to measure the tensile force with the above-mentioned load cells under these circumstances, the force measurement must be supplemented with a measurement of the variable angle, which is both costly and, in certain cases, unreliable.
In this case, and in several other contexts, it is desirable to be able to measure, in
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patent: 4116029 (1978-09-01), Fabian et al.
patent: 4171640 (1979-10-01), Van Mastrigt
patent: 4548085 (1985-10-01), Grundy
patent: 5275062 (1994-01-01), Turley
Beijbom Jan
Sobel Jarl
Asea Brown Boveri AB
Noori Max H.
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