Liquid purification or separation – Processes – Making an insoluble substance or accreting suspended...
Patent
1991-11-07
1995-01-10
Hruskoci, Peter A.
Liquid purification or separation
Processes
Making an insoluble substance or accreting suspended...
210726, 210912, 423 34, 423101, C02F 162
Patent
active
053804430
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to the field of water purification and more particularly to the field of treating aqueous waste streams containing various metal ion contaminants including, e.g., transition metal elements such as those of Groups 8, 1b or 2b of the periodic table, metal elements such as those of Groups 4a, 5a, or 6a of the periodic table, lanthanide metal elements, and actinide metal elements, e.g., transuranic elements such as plutonium. This invention is the result of a contract with the Department of Energy (Contract No. W-7405-ENG-36).
BACKGROUND ART
In the past few years, there has been increased interest by the water treatment industry in the use of ferrate salts as, e.g., a possible substitute for chlorination processes. For example, potassium ferrate may be used in the treatment and purification of water (see Murmann et al, "Experiments Utilizing FeO.sub.4 -2 for Purifying Water", Water Research, Vol. 8, pp. 79-93 (1974); Gilbert et al., "An Investigation of the Applicability of Ferrate Ion for Disinfection", J. Am. Water Works, Vol. 68(9), pp. 495-497 (1986); and Waite et al., "Iron (VI) Ferrate as a General Oxidant for Water and Wastewater Treatment", Ozone/Chlorine Dioxide Oxid. Prod., Org. Matter Process Conference, (1976), published 1978, pp. 410-425). Ferrate salts are also known as useful for precipitation and/or coagulation of solids in the wastewater.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
It is one object of this invention to develop a process of treating metal contaminant-containing water to reduce the level of metal contaminants, such metal contaminants including, e.g., concentrations of transition metal elements such as those of Groups 8, 1b or 2b of the periodic table, metal elements such as those of Groups 4a, 5a, or 6a of the periodic table, lanthanide metal elements, and actinide metal elements, e.g., transuranic elements.
It is another object of this invention to remove such metal contaminants from contaminated water to under any governmental discharge limits, e.g., DOE and EPA effluent standards.
It is still a further object of this invention to minimize production of the resultant solid waste, i.e., sludge, upon removal of such metal contaminants from contaminated water.
Yet another object of this invention is to remove such metal contaminants from contaminated water without increasing the levels of chemical additives presently used and without significant alteration of presently existing process equipment.
To achieve the foregoing and other objects, and in accordance with the purposes of the present invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, the present invention provides a process of treating water to remove metal ion contaminants contained therein comprising adjusting the pH of a metal ion contaminant-containing water source to within the range of about 6.5 to about 14.0, such metal ions selected from the group consisting of transition metal elements from Groups 8, 1b or 2b of the periodic table, metal elements from Groups 4a, 5a, or 6a of the periodic table, lanthanide metal elements, and actinide metal elements, admixing said water source with a mixture of an alkali or alkaline earth ferrate and a water soluble salt containing a high valence metal ion selected from the group consisting of Groups IVB, VB, or VIB of the periodic table in an amount sufficient to form a precipitate within said water source, said amount of ferrate and water soluble salt containing a high valence metal ion effective to substantially reduce the metal ion contaminant concentration in said water source, permitting the precipitate in said admixture to separate and thereby yield a supernatant liquid having a reduced metal ion contaminant concentration, and separating said supernatant liquid having the reduced metal ion contaminant concentration from the admixture.
In one embodiment of the invention, the present invention provides a process of treating water to remove transuranic elements contained therein comprising adjusting the pH of a transuranic element-containing wa
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Chatfield Linda K.
Deininger James P.
Cottrell Bruce H.
Eklund William A.
Hruskoci Peter A.
The Regents of the University of California
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