Metal working – Bias cutting of tubular stock
Patent
1993-06-10
1995-01-10
Kalafut, Stephen
Metal working
Bias cutting of tubular stock
4274192, H01M 404
Patent
active
053795024
ABSTRACT:
Methods for fabricating battery plates for lead/acid batteries are provided. The battery plates that are fabricated may be positive plates, negative plates, or bipolar plates. The principal active constituent of the battery plates is elemental lead in the case of negative plates, lead oxide in the case of positive plates, or elemental lead on one face and lead oxide on the other face of bipolar plates. In any event, the battery plate comprises a thin layer of lead (which may later be oxidized, at least at its surface), where the thin layer of lead is surface treated so as to form a plurality of closely spaced depressions therein. By the surface treatment, the exposed active surface area of the plate is increased to at least 150% of its projected area. The surface treatment may be by embossing the lead, or micro-machining the lead using a laser. When the plate is a bipolar plate, a core element is provided between a pair of opposed thin layers of lead, one of which will subsequently be oxidized. The pre-formed core element generally comprises titanium (or chromium) facing the lead and lead oxide active surfaces. The titanium may be adhered to an inner core of copper or beryllium-copper. Lead is placed on the titanium such as by the repeated steps of spraying lead to a thickness of 30 to 100 atoms thick, annealing the structure, and spraying further lead, and again annealing at a lower temperature each time, until the surface comprises substantially pure annealed lead.
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XA-200: Proposed Hybrid Electric Vehicle . . . Lead Acid Battery (1991) Eskra et al; Johnson Controls Inc., ISATA Conference Paper, pp. 305-311 (month na).
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Popular Mechanics, Sep. 1991; Battery Chargers; Allen pp. 30, 31.
Toronto Star; Aug. 15, 1993; Batteries at GM . . . Run Down Fast Oscar Suris (Dow Jones).
Derafe, Ltd.
Hewson Donald E.
Kalafut Stephen
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