Facsimile and static presentation processing – Static presentation processing – Attribute control
Patent
1981-10-07
1984-09-18
Masinick, Michael A.
Facsimile and static presentation processing
Static presentation processing
Attribute control
358 21R, 358160, H04N 9535
Patent
active
044727321
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application was filed pursuant to the Patent Cooperation Treaty and is entitled to the benefit of the filing date of application Ser. No. PCT/US 81/00469, filed Apr. 10, 1981.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to systems for providing location transformations in a multi-dimensional coordinate system using separate transformations for each coordinate of the system and more particularly to a system providing spatial transformations of a two-dimensional video image in a raster scan television system.
2. Discussion of the Prior Art
Methods of producing multi-dimensional spatial transformations have been developed and are discussed in references such as Principles of Interactive Computer Graphics by William M. Newman and Robert F. Sproull, McGraw-Hill Book Company, second edition 1979, Transmission And Display of Pictorial Information, by D. E. Pearson, A Halstead Press Book, 1975 and "A Digital Signal Processing Approach to Interpolation", by Ronald W. Schaefer and Lawrence R. Rabiner, Proc. IEEE, Vol. 61, pp. 692-702, June 1973. However, for transformations which involve rotation, perspective representations, or other transformations which involve more than simple unidirectional translations, or scaling the transformation process involves multi-dimensional spatial filtering and interpolation operations. Consequently, a video image transformation process requires complex and time consuming processing for each picture element of the transformed video image. Transformations are thus rendered impractical in terms of cost of data processing time for complex images such as raster scan television displays. The long processing times required further make the real time processing of a continuous stream of television frames virtually impossible with present day technology.
Nevertheless, a practical system for transforming multi-dimensional visual images has an important demand for such diverse purposes as producing special effects in television programming or transforming a satellite picture of the earth which is distorted by the curvature of the earth into a flat pictorial representation.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A system for spatially transforming images in accordance with the invention greatly reduces conventional processing time and demands by separately and sequentially transforming the image for each dimension of the coordinate system in which it exists. The multidimensional filtering required by the composite operation for the case of a video image can be accomplished on a real time basis one dimension at a time concurrently with the separate and sequential transformation operations. In an example represented by an image transformation system for real time television applications, each color component of the raster scan video signal is passed through a serial sequence of processing elements including a horizontal to vertical transposing memory, a vertical transformation system, a vertical to horizontal transposing memory, and a horizontal transformation system to generate as an output the transformed component of the video signal. Each video component of the video signal is operated upon separately and in parallel and the operations may be substantially identical except that in some cases it may be possible to utilize slower, less expensive circuitry in the case of a color component having a narrow bandwidth compared to other color components. The general principles of separating the image into unidimensional serial transformations is the same for all color components.
In the case of the video television signal, a transform composer receives commands identifying subtransformations such as X, Y and Z pretranslations, X, Y and Z size control, X, Y and Z axis rotation angles, and X, Y and Z post translations to generate a composite affine, three dimensional transformation. The three dimensional composite affine transformation is converted to a two dimensional projective transformation by division by the Z coordinate. The
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Bennett Phillip P.
Gabriel Steven A.
Ampex Corporation
Masinick Michael A.
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