Plant protecting and regulating compositions – Plant growth regulating compositions – Micro-organisms or from micro-organisms
Patent
1993-11-29
1995-07-25
Clardy, S. Mark
Plant protecting and regulating compositions
Plant growth regulating compositions
Micro-organisms or from micro-organisms
504220, A01N 43713, A01N 6302
Patent
active
054362199
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a herbicide comprising as an active ingredient a cyclic hexapeptide derived from a substance produced by a microorganism.
BACKGROUND ART
Ever since 2,4-D was used as the means of chemically removing weeds, a numerous number of herbicides have been developed, and the time required for removal of weeds has thereby been drastically reduced. Because of anxiety about environmental pollution etc. raised in recent years, there is increasing demand for high-safety herbicides free from environmental pollution.
The present inventors have studied for the elucidation of toxins produced by plant-pathogenic microorganisms in order to obtain a novel substance having a weed-killing activity. By searching for a substance having a weed-killing activity among physiologically active substances produced by microorganisms, there is the possibility of finding a substance completely different from a synthetic compound with respect to the skeleton and nature of action. These naturally occurring substances are generally liable to enzyme degradation and thus least likely to remain in the environment. Out of such substances, bialaphos is a practically applied example developed by Meiji Seika Co., Ltd.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to provide herbicides comprising as an active ingredient a novel substance having a weed-killing activity derived from a substance produced by a microorganism.
The present inventors found a plant-toxic activity in an extract from a culture of plant-pathogenic microorganisms belonging to the genus Alternaria or Colletotrichum and that the activity itself is attributable to ferricrocin. As a result of further screening of compounds analogous to ferricrocin, the inventors isolated and identified ferrichrome, ferrichrome A and ferrichrome C from a culture extract of plant-pathogenic microorganisms belonging to the genus Ustilago.
Ferrichromes including the aforementioned ferricrocin, ferrichrome, ferrichrome A and ferrichrome C are represented by formula (II): ##STR3## wherein X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a hydroxymethyl group, R represents a methyl group, a hydroxymethyl group or the following formula: ##STR4## wherein R' represents a carboxyl group, a hydroxymethyl group or an acetoxymethyl group. These ferrichromes are known cyclic hexapeptides having Fe.sup.3+ in the molecule via a chelate bond (Winkelmann: "CRC Handbook of Microbial Iron Chelates" published by CRC Press, Inc., pp. 17-18 and p. 62), and there have already been some reports of these compounds which, as substances (siderophore) participating in the in vivo transfer of iron, are obtained from mold fungi such as the genera Aspergillus, Neurospora, etc. (See e.g. Eur. J. Appln. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 5(1), 51 (1978), Biochem., 5, 3694 (1966), Acta Cryst. C41, 341 (1985), and Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, 9(4), 158 (1982).)
The inventors found that the application of ferrichromes of formula (II) to the cut faces of cowpea blades leads to withering of the peripheries of the treated parts.
As a result of their further research, the inventors found that deferriferrichromes, i.e. compounds prepared by removal of intramolecular iron from ferrichromes of formula (II), have a strong weed-killing activity when applied not only to the cut faces of blades but also to intact blades. The deferriferrichromes are water-soluble, colorless substances obtainable by treating ferrichromes of formula (II) with a base, an acid, or a substance capable of forming an iron complex compound and their spectra as well as their properties as siderophore have already been known (see e.g. J. Mol. Biol., 52, 399 (1970), Japanese Patent Publication No. 9833/70, J. Mol. Biol. 104,853 (1976), J. Am. Chem. Soc., 88(8), 1810 (1966), Biological Mass Spectrometry, 20, 142 (1991), Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, 9(4), 158 (1982), Biophys. Struct. Mechanism, 2, 105 (1976), and Bio Metals, 1, 77 (1988)), but their weed-killing effe
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Ohra Junko
Tsujino Yasuko
Clardy S. Mark
Japan Tobacco Inc.
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