Classifying – separating – and assorting solids – Plural – diverse separating operations – Magnetic and fluid suspension
Patent
1996-05-03
1999-09-28
Nguyen, Tuan N.
Classifying, separating, and assorting solids
Plural, diverse separating operations
Magnetic and fluid suspension
209214, 209227, 209232, B03C 130
Patent
active
059572981
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention concerns a process and an installation for separating non-magnetic materials and objects with the use of magnetic fluids subject to a magnetic field, according to the principle of sink-float separation in one or more separation chambers. The materials or objects which are to be separated are of varying densities, and according to this difference in density are subject to varying forces.
The invention furthermore concerns the composition, manufacture and use of environmental-friendly diluted magnetofluids, where magnetic iron oxide particles, mainly consisting of magnetite, are, through a monomolecular fatty acid layer and through a second layer of alcoxylated fatty alcohols and end-group sealed alcoxylated fatty alcohols or by sugar surfactants, protected against agglomeration and colloidally dispersed in water. Through the addition of water-soluble substances, which are capable of creating extra hydration effects, the sedimentation stability can be improved.
The invention is especially applicable for separating substances of various materials or objects, for ample during the recycling of electronic scrap or automobile scrap, during ore or coal processing or similar separation processes. The environment-friendly diluted magneto-fluids are especially suitable for the sink-float separation of non-magnetic substances, but also as calibration fluids for magnetic measuring instruments, as sealing fluids for hermeticaly sealing rotary appliances, as lubricants and as marking substances in agriculture and forestry for the analysis of soil erosion, as well as for use in medicine.
The principle of the sink-float separation of non-magnetic materials in magnetic fluids in the magnetic field gradient has long been familiar. However, until now the feasibility of this process has foundered on the magnetic fluids available, their insufficient attributes, the processing costs, and on the lack of interest in disposal and recycling problems.
2. Description of Related Art including information disclosed under 37 CFR 1.97-1.99.
DE 3124276 C2 describes a process and installation for separating non-magnetic solid materials of varying density, which are suspended in a magnetic fluid and are conveyed in the fluid through a separation zone with a gap tapering into a V-shape, in which magnetic lifting forces, different from the adjacent areas, are at work. The magnetic field is created by a set of magnets, which under formation of the V-shape are placed with their pole surfaces opposite each other. By means of this solution non-magnetic materials can be classified without size limitation, by conveying the material crosswise to the lengthwise direction of the obliquely downward sloping and tipped V-gap at the upper end of the separation zone, and by separating the material components of higher density in the area of the V-gap; meanwhile the material components of lower density are suspended and conveyed above the V-gap into the lower area of the sloping separation zones.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,521,303 describes a process for separating a mixture of carbon and other solid components by means of magnetic fluids through a described circulation regime.
Concrete installations for substance separation by means of magnetic fluids, or improvements of the single components of such installations have been described, for instance, in the following publications: DE U.S. 2509959 and DE 3324536 C2 structure of the magnetic poles); DE 3321102 C2 (structure of the separation cell) and U.S. Pat. No. 4,113,608 (inletting and outletting of the product to be separated).
The disadvantage of all the familiar solutions is that a recovery of discharged magnetic fluid and a constant maintenance of the concentration and volume of the magnetic fluid in the separation cell is not possible or not accounted for. There is the further disadvantage that the separation is limited to fragmented materials.
Through the development of innovative magnetic fluids the prerequisites for a major technical deployme
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Bohme Hendrik E.
Buske Norbert
Gunther Dirk
Thiessen Karsten
Nguyen Tuan N.
Polychemie GmbH Velten
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