Optics: measuring and testing – Angle measuring or angular axial alignment – Apex of angle at observing or detecting station
Patent
1998-02-03
2000-02-29
Buczinski, Stephen C.
Optics: measuring and testing
Angle measuring or angular axial alignment
Apex of angle at observing or detecting station
356 401, 3561411, 35613904, 348172, 2502032, G01B 1126, G01C 308, G01C 2102, H04N 5225
Patent
active
060316063
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a method and a device for rapidly detecting the position of a target with the aid of a theodolite having a spatially resolving opto-electronic detector having pixels arranged in the form of a matrix, it being the case that system and the detector of the theodolite, and
Such methods and devices are known from the journal "Technische Rundschau" No. 39,1988, pages 14-18, "Theodolitsysteme fur industrielle und geodatische Messungen", ("Theodolite systems for industrial and geodetic measurements"), W. Huep, O. Katowski and in the journal "Opticus" No. 1/94, pages 8-9 of the company Leica AG, "Theodolite-Sensoren furdie industrielle Vermessung" ("Theodolite sensors for industrial surveying").
These publications describe the use of such methods and devices in geodetic surveying, in building surveying and in industrial measurement technology. The general aim is to determine the three-dimensional coordinates of points in space. Targets, for example surface-reflecting spheres, reflecting foils or radiation-emitting targets are positioned at these points and sighted using a theodolite telescope. Triangulation or the polar method are customary in the case of three-dimensional determination of coordinates. In triangulation, two theodolites at a known spacing from one another are aimed at the targets and determine the horizontal and vertical angles with reference to their base line. The polar method employs a tachymeter which comprises a theodolite having an integrated distance meter. The three-dimensional coordinates of the target are likewise calculated from the determination of angle and distance.
In addition to determining and recording coordinates, it is also possible conversely to lay off coordinates on site which are recorded in a plan or can be taken from a map. For example, in road building the route is laid off by means of theodolites or a tachymeter and a rod provided with a target. As operators, this requires at least two people who communicate by hand signals or by radio. On the one hand, the coordinates prescribed according to the plan are set at the surveying instrument, while, on the other hand, the rod with the target is moved until the target has reached the desired coordinates.
It is possible to regard as quasi-continuous laying off applications in which road-driving machines are to keep to a specific path in road building or else in tunneling or mining. These machines, to which a target is attached, are controlled with the aid of a theodolite. In this case, deviations from the desired direction when the machines are being driven forward are detected on the basis of deviating horizontal or vertical angles.
In modern surveying instruments, the visual observation of the target via the theodolite telescope is supported by electronic detection of the target. Use is made of video cameras or of spatially resolving opto-electronic detectors such as, for example, two-dimensional CCD arrays, which are integrated in the imaging optical system of the theodolite. In addition to the literature quoted above, such a system is also described in DE 34 24 806 C2. Image processing is used firstly to determine the coordinates of the target image in the coordinate system of the spatially resolving detector. These are employed to calculate on the basis of a calibration the layer angles of angles from which, in turn, the three-dimensional coordinates of the target in space are calculated in the normal way by means of triangulation or the polar method.
Substantial time is expended on processing because of the large data volumes of image information and is a disadvantage in image processing. Each pixel of a CCD array supplies an intensity value which is transmitted into a computer, usually a PC. Since the number of pixels is of the order of magnitude of 1 million in many CCD arrays, it is a problem if the CCD array is to be read out very often per second and thus many images are to be transmitted per second into the computer for evaluation and to be evaluated at the same t
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Huep et al., "Theodolite Systems For Industrial and Geodetic Measurements", Technische Rundschau, No. 39, 1988, pp. 3-7 and 14-19.
Huep et al., "Theodolite Sensors For Industrial Surveying", Opticus, No. 1/94, pp. 8-9.
Bayer Gerhard
Ghesla Helmut
Hinderling Juerg
Buczinski Stephen C.
Leica Geosystems AG
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