Polysaccharide wall microcapsules containing primary alcohol fun

Details Polysaccharide wall microcapsules containing primary alcohol fun Polysaccharide wall microcapsules containing primary alcohol fun

1994-09-08

1996-10-08

Nutter, Nathan M.

Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

Preparations characterized by special physical form

Particulate form

264 41, 264 43, 4272133, B01J 1308, A61K 950

Patent

active

055629245

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates essentially to the use of polysaccharides having primary alcohol functions for the production of microcapsules or microspheres, to the microcapsules and microspheres thus produced, to a method for producing such microcapsules or microspheres and to cosmetic, pharmaceutic or food compositions containing them.
The Applicant has already described in document FR-A-2 642 329 the use of solutions of atelocollagen and of glycosaminoglycans for producing microcapsules, the microcapsules themselves, their production method as well as cosmetic, pharmaceutical or food compositions containing same.
Such microcapsules with mixed wall of atelocollagen and glycosaminoglycan are totally satisfactory.
However, it may be advantageous in certain cases, to use microcapsules or microspheres produced from materials issued from plants or obtained by microbial fermentation.
It has also been proposed to produce microcapsules by interfacial polymerization of synthetic monomer, more particularly on synthetic diamines so as to form amide functions in the same way as during the chemical synthesis of Nylon, thus permitting a strong enevelope to be constituted around the capsule. The core of the capsule is not involved in the polymerization reaction and can be constituted of protein (FR-76 34 482 and FR-79 2012) of polysaccharide (U.S. Pat No. 4,322,311).
It has also been proposed to produce capsules from proteins crosslinked by diacid derivatives (FR-A-1 415 039) or by glutaraldehyde (WO-82/00660).
It has also been proposed to produce capsules of which the wall contains polysaccharides ionically crosslinked by mono-, di- or trivalent cations (U.S. Pat. No. 4,495,288) or with polycationic molecules of high molecular weight (EP-A1-0 301 777; U.S. Pat. No. 4,407,957; U.S. Pat. No. 4,391,309).
It has also been proposed to produce capsules based on amino polysaccharides, for example chitosan, crosslinked with bifunctional agents such as glutaraldehyde (WO-82/00660).
It is the object of the present invention to solve the new technical problem consisting in providing a solution for producing microcapsules or microspheres containing a basic material of excellent biocompatibility, total biodegradability, total assimilation, total innocuousness, which comes from a renewable biological material, and can be found not only in animals but also in plants and which can also be produced by microbial fermentation.
This new technical problem has been solved for the first time in a satisfactory and inexpensive manner, usable at the industrial level, notably at the food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical level.
Thus, in a first aspect, the present invention relates to the use of polysaccharides having primary alcohol functions, for producing microcapsules or microspheres which preferably contain an active ingredient which may be for example a food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical one. In this respect, the polysaccharides with primary alcohol functions preferably have a molecular weight higher than 5,000 Daltons. Moreover, said polysaccharides with primary alcohol functions advantageously have between 1 and 4 primary alcohol functions per diosidic moiety.
In a second aspect, the present invention also relates to microcapsules or microspheres characterized in that they comprise a wall in polysaccharide having primary alcohol functions which are crosslinked preferably by interfacial crosslinking, using a crosslinking agent preferably constituted by an acid dichloride or an acid anhydride.
According to an advantageous embodiment, said polysaccharide with primary alcohol function has a molecular weight greater than 5,000 Daltons.
According to a preferred embodiment, said polysaccharide comprises between 1 and 4 primary alcohol functions per diosodic moiety.
According to a particular embodiment, said polysaccharides with primary alcohol function are selected from the group consisting in: fermentation, in particular: Viscogum.RTM. (SANOFI), or from carob such as those commercially available under the name Lygomme.RTM. (SANOFI) or Meypro-Fleur.RT

REFERENCES:
Levy et al., J. Microencapsalation (1991), 8 (3), 335-47.

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