Mineral oils: processes and products – Chemical conversion of hydrocarbons – Plural serial stages of chemical conversion
Patent
1982-09-23
1985-06-25
Konopka, P. E.
Mineral oils: processes and products
Chemical conversion of hydrocarbons
Plural serial stages of chemical conversion
208110, 208111, 208112, 502 5, 502 21, 502 30, 502 31, 502516, C10G 4730, C10G 6512, B01J 2394, B01J 2392
Patent
active
045252670
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to a process for the catalytic hydrocracking of hydrocarbons, and more particularly to a process for the hydrotreatment of hydrocarbons in the presence of a catalyst, which is capable of efficiently hydrocracking hydrocarbons while maintaining the coke level on the catalyst below a predetermined level. The process of the present invention is advantageously applicable to the hydrocracking of hydrocarbons such as crude oils, various heavy oils which are derived from crude oils, liquefied coal oil, and pitch or the like which is derived from petroleum or coal.
BACKGROUND ART
For the purpose of cracking hetero-atom compounds, asphaltenes and residual carbon precursors which are contained in hydrocarbons or for changing their properties or compositions, the hydrotreatment of hydrocarbons in the presence of a catalyst has been in wide use in the art. To this end, catalysts of diversified properties and compositions are used, depending upon the nature of the feed oil, the purpose of the treatment or the reaction conditions. As a matter of course, the catalyst which is used for the hydrocracking treatment deteriorates as the reaction proceeds. The causes of deterioration which are common to almost all of the hydrotreatment catalysts include the deposition of carbonaceous materials on the catalysts in addition to the influences of the contaminants such as metals and sulfur components which are contained in the feed oil. The mechanism of the deposition of the carbonaceous materials on the catalyst or the structure and composition of the deposited carbonaceous materials are hardly known except the fact that the deposition occurs in a relatively large amount when a catalyst with a higher solid acid content, that is to say, with a low hydrogenation power, is used under high temperature and low hydrogen pressure conditions. For instance, the deposition of carbonaceous materials is as low as 10% by weight of the catalyst in the treatment of a feed oil free of a residual oil but it exceeds 40-50 wt % and in some cases deposition in excess of 200 wt % is experienced in the treatment of residual oils. The catalyst which has been deteriorated by the deposition of carbonaceous materials is usually used again after regeneration of the catalyst by the removal of the carbonaceous materials, in some cases, recovering the deposited metals after removal of the carbonaceous materials. However, these methods are not advantageous technically.
The hydrocracking of hydrocarbons, especially, of heavy hydrocarbons, requiring a high reaction temperature, inherently involves a problem that the catalyst is deteriorated within a short time period due to the increased deposition of carbonaceous materials on the catalyst. Therefore, it becomes necessary to replace or regenerate the catalyst frequently. With regard to the replacement or regeneration of the catalyst in the reaction system, there have thus far been proposed various methods. The representatives of them are the methods using fluidized catalyst such as Varga process, slurry-catalyst process and suspension-catalyst process which are widely practiced by virtue of many advantages resulting from the use of a fluidized catalyst of finely divided solid particles. The advantages which accrue from the use of a catalyst in the form of fluidized finely particulate solid particles include:
(1) The catalyst is freely movable within the reactor and the catalyst which has been deteriorated due to coking or metal deposition can be withdrawn along with the product oil, so that the reactor is less susceptible to blocking and it is possible to carry out the treatment under a lower hydrogen pressure and at a higher temperature as compared with other methods;
(2) Consequently, the chemical hydrogen consumption as well as the equipment cost is reduced;
(3) The catalyst which is in the form of fine particles is free of the influences on its activity of the average pore diameter or other factors of its physical structure, and almost immune from the catalytic deter
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Chemical Abstracts-vol. 95-1981; 135649a.
Chiyoda Chemical Engineering & Construction Co. Ltd.
Konopka P. E.
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