Metal working – Means to assemble or disassemble – Puller or pusher means – contained force multiplying operator
Patent
1983-12-27
1985-06-25
Goldberg, Howard N.
Metal working
Means to assemble or disassemble
Puller or pusher means, contained force multiplying operator
291565R, 29525, 294011, 295275, 92212, 92213, 92224, 92231, 123193P, 123193C, 123669, B23P 1500
Patent
active
045244987
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to the art of making internal combustion engine components using ceramic as insulating elements.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND PRIOR ART STATEMENT
Cylinder walls and hot surfaces of the head for an internal combustion engine have been lined with ceramic based materials to improve the insulating quality of the engine housing. For example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,341,826, the art teaches the manufacture of engine parts formed from silicon carbide fiber-reinforced ceramic or glass mixtures. Essentially, the ceramic is used as a liner for the cylinder walls as well as for the hot surface of the head, and may even be used for the top surface of the piston; these surfaces represent the critically heated surfaces of a combustion chamber for a typical internal combustion engine. As another example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,245,611, aluminum pistons have been coated with ceramic to improve the insulating quality of the hot top surface of the piston.
The above prior art approaches have not been extirely successful because (a) metallic sealing rings, carried by the piston, are unable to properly seal against ceramic when used as a liner for the cylinder walls, and (b) the hot surfaces of an aluminum piston are insufficiently insulated when ceramic is coated onto the piston, unless such coating is extremely thick, which fact contributes to cracking and differential thermal expansion problems associated with the supporting aluminum piston.
What is needed is a method by which existing or conventional internal combustion engine housings can be modified to accept ceramic insulating members, whereby the sealing rings of the piston continue to bear against metallic cylinder walls and the insulating quality of ceramic is not damaged by use on the piston.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention is a method of modifying a conventional internal combustion engine to accept ceramic and the resulting modified apparatus. The engine has a conventional engine block with a wall defining a bore opening, an engine head, and a piston in the bore opening, the piston having a top and sealing rings which together cooperate with the engine block and head to define a combustion chamber. The steps of the method comprise: (a) joining an extension member to the engine block, the extension member having a wall defining a bore opening aligned with but larger than the bore opening of the engine block, the extension member having a height equal to or greater than a substantial portion of the axial stroke of the piston; (b) enlarging the diameter of the uppor portion of the wall in the engine block defining a bore opening to form an annular shoulder having a radially outer surface substantially axially aligned with the wall of the extension member defining a bore opening; (c) securing a cylindrical ceramic liner commonly along both said wall of the extension member and the radially outer surface of said shoulder in said block, said liner being comprised of a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion differing from the coefficient of thermal expansion of the block by up to about 2.0.times.10.sup.-6 in/in/.degree.F.; and (d) attaching a cap to the top of the piston to extend the effective piston top a distance commensurate with the effective height of the extension member.
Preferably, a metallic sleeve is press-fitted between the cylindrical ceramic liner and the wall of the extension member, the metallic sleeve being comprised of material having a tensile strength of at least 100,000 psi and coefficient of thermal expansion intermediate that of the material for the ceramic sleeve and extension member. Advantageously, the metallic sleeve is comprised of the 400 series of stainless steel, the ceramic liner is comprised of a material selected from zirconia and alumina, and the extension member and block are each comprised of cast iron.
Preferably, the cap carries a ceramic facing and the cap defines a trapped air space between the ceramic facing and the piston. The cap is preferably comprised of a material havi
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Ford Motor Company
Goldberg Howard N.
Johnson Olin B.
Malleck Joseph W.
Wallace Ronald S.
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