Exercise devices – User manipulated force resisting apparatus – component... – Utilizing inertial force resistance
Patent
1991-09-12
1993-09-07
Apley, Richard J.
Exercise devices
User manipulated force resisting apparatus, component...
Utilizing inertial force resistance
482 63, A63B 2122
Patent
active
052423514
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a method for carrying out muscle exercises and, when appropriate, for measuring exercising conditions.
The invention also relates to equipment for carrying out the method.
The work performed by muscles can be divided into two categories. Concentric work, also referred to as positive work, in which the muscle is shortening (contracting) under an applied load, and eccentric work, also referred to as negative work, during which the muscle is lengthening during muscle work. For instance, concentric work is performed predominantly when lifting a barbell, whereas eccentric work is performed predominantly when lowering the weight. The force or power developed by skeletal muscle for a given rae of shortening or lengthening, often expressed as point angular velocity, is always generate in the case of eccentric work than in the case of concentric work. The force is often expressed as the torque prevailing in the joint concerned.
The well-known movement of lifting a dumbbell with the vertically hanging arm, by bending the elbow (so-called biceps curl) will be used hereinafter to illustrate the conditions that prevail during muscle training exercises.
Similar to he majority of the joints of the body, maximum strength, or torque, is achieved in the elbow joint during the mid phase, when the arm is bent at right angles. When performing the above-mentioned dumbbell training, a relatively favorable loading is obtained during said movement, since the gravitational force exerted by the dumbbell will exert maximum resistance to the concentric training or exercise movement in the position in which the force or power in the elbow joint reaches its maximum.. the minor lever arm of the gravitational force will result in a relatively light load, both at the beginning and at the end of the movement. The mid phase of he movement, however, is the most difficult to pass, and hence the speed of the movement will fall and the muscle will not be loaded to a maximum throughout the whole movement.
In strength-training exercises, it is necessary to achieve constant, maximum voluntary muscle tension and a constant shortening and lengthening rate during the whole movement, in order to achieve maximum effect in training. It is not suitable to use conventional springs in such muscle-training exercises, since said movement is retarded progressively by the increasing load.
When exercising or training muscles with the aid of conventional equipment, such as barbells and dumbbells, difficulties re experienced in maintaining maximum muscl tension throughout the whole movement concerned, and in maintaining is kinecy=constant change rate in muscle length, since linear inertia forces, primarily at high movement speeds, e.g. ballistic movements; throwing movements, are highly influential. complicated transmission devices can be used in this respect, although such devices are specific for each movement to be carried out and are abnormally both expensive and bulky and are furthermore limited by he anatomical differences between individuals concerned. Furthermore, heavy weights are required when large groups of muscles are to be exercised or trained. Many kinds of training machines provided with weight stacks are to be found as a replacement for training with free weights. These machines, however, are respected by significant energy losses in the form of friction. Consequently, the eccentric training phase is far less demanding than the concentric training phase, Since the eccentric muscle strength is greater, it will be evident that much of the training effect is lost in this training phase.
Several different types of training equipment employ friction to obtain a desired load profile, although normally it is only possible to carry out concentric training.
The present invention relates to a novel training method and training equipment capable of creating a well-defined speed profile during both concentrical and eccentrical muscle work in the absence of significant energy losses. The equipment is light in weight and require
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Berg Ernst H. E.
Berg Mats-Ake
Apley Richard J.
Reichard Lynne A.
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