Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser – Synthetic resins – Mixing of two or more solid polymers; mixing of solid...
Patent
1995-02-03
1997-03-11
Acquah, Samuel A.
Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser
Synthetic resins
Mixing of two or more solid polymers; mixing of solid...
525437, 525440, 5254445, 525452, 525454, 525540, 521 48, C08F28302, C08G 6391, C08L 6708
Patent
active
056102429
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a process for modifying polymers containing functional groups by reaction with delta.sup.2 -oxazolines.
RELATED ART
It is known from the literature that delta.sup.2 -oxazolines are capable of reacting with various chemical compounds in a ring-opening reaction. Thus, ester amides of aminoethanol are formed, for example, from delta.sup.2 -oxazolines substituted in the 2-position by reaction with carboxylic acids. Phenyl ethers derived from ethanol-amides are formed by reaction with phenols while amino-amides or, optionally, amides are formed by reaction with amines. Further information on this subject can be found in synoptic articles, cf. for example J. A. Frump, Chem. Rev. 71, 483-505 (1971), more particularly pages 494-498, and H. Hellmann et al., Angew. Chem. 78, 913-27 (1966).
The reaction of oxazolines with compounds containing carboxyl, amino and/or phenolic hydroxyl groups has already been used to modify polymers. Thus, U.S. Pat. No. 4,351,936 describes the reaction of carboxyl-terminated polyesters with oxazolines substituted in the 2-position by amino groups, aminocarbonyl groups or ether groups. The number of free carboxyl groups in the polyester molecules is reduced by the reaction. GB 1,426,409 describes the reaction of phenylene bis-oxazolines with carboxyl-terminated polyesters which, besides reducing the number of free carboxyl groups, also leads to an increase in molecular weight. Disadvantages of these processes include the poor reactivity of the phenylene bis-oxazolines and the monofunctionality of the alkylamino, alkylcarbamoyl and alkoxyoxazolines which prevents the desired reduction in the molecular weight of the polyester during processing.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It has now been found that certain, preferably long-chain substituted delta.sup.2 -oxazolines and/or bis-delta.sup.2 -oxazolines are far more suitable for modifying polymers containing reactive functional groups.
The present invention relates to a process for modifying polymers containing carboxyl, amino and/or phenolic hydroxyl groups by reaction with delta.sup.2 -oxazolines, characterized in that 2-phenyloxazoline or mono- or bis-oxazolines substituted in the 2-position by a long-chain, optionally substituted alkyl or alkenyl radical containing 7 to 23 carbon atoms in a linear chain are used as the delta.sup.2 -oxazolines. The process according to the invention is preferably used for modifying polyesters containing carboxyl groups.
The process according to the invention is distinguished from known processes by the far higher reactivity of the delta.sup.2 -oxazolines used. At the same time, the hydrolysis stability of polycondensates, such as polyesters and polyamides, is distinctly improved where the long-chain compounds preferably used are incorporated in the polymer molecule. Another advantage is that the delta.sup.2 -oxazolines used show low volatility and, accordingly, can be reacted with the polymers at the high processing temperatures required without any need for further auxiliary measures. The polymers modified by the process according to the invention show reduced melt viscosities and, in every case, lower adhesion and better slip behavior than the unmodified polymers.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The process according to the invention is suitable for polymers varying widely in structure providing they contain carboxyl, amino and/or phenolic hydroxyl groups. The process is of particular interest for polymers in which these substituents occur as terminal groups, more particularly for polyesters and polyamides, but also for polycarbonates. Examples of polymers such as these are, in particular, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyamide 6, polyamide 6,6, polyamide 9, polyamide 11 and polyamide 12 and also the aromatic polyamides, for example the types synthesized from aromatic diamines and aromatic dicarboxylic acids commercially available as Kevlar.RTM. and Nomex.RTM.. If pure bis-oxazolines or mixtures of mono- and bis-
REFERENCES:
patent: 4351936 (1982-09-01), Matsumura et al.
Birnbrich Paul
Eicken Ulrich
Fischer Herbert
Klamann Joerg-Dieter
Schieferstein Ludwig
Acquah Samuel A.
Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien
Jaeschke Wayne C.
Ortiz Daniel S.
Szoke Ernest G.
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