Electric heating – Heating devices – Combined with diverse-type art device
Patent
1981-02-07
1982-09-28
Mayewsky, Volodymyr Y.
Electric heating
Heating devices
Combined with diverse-type art device
219543, 350164, 350 17, H05B 100
Patent
active
043520065
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a heated mirror, designed in particular to constitute an external rearview mirror element for a vehicle.
PRIOR ART
The constant improvement of comfortable and safe driving of vehicles requires the continued improvement of all of the accessories of these vehicles, amongst which the external rearview mirror is relatively important.
It is known that the mirrors which make up these external rearview elements for vehicles are subjected to particularly severe conditions of use. These mirrors are in the first instance particularly exposed to corrosion as they are designed to be used for years under severe atmospheric conditions, to which other factors may be added such as the presence of salt on slippery road surfaces in winter, repeated thermal shocks resulting from wide temperature variations, mechanical damage resulting from impact with grains of sand etc. The protective measures which are usually applied to known mirrors constituted by metallised (generally slivered) glass substrates have proved to be quite inadequate as protection against this corrosion.
It is also known that the "reflective capacity" of external rearview mirrors may often be impaired by unfavourable atmospheric conditions causing the complete "misting" of these mirrors in the case of very humid atmospheres or the "icing up" of these mirrors in the case of temperatures lower than 0.degree. C. The measures applied most frequently at present to demist or defrost these mirrors consist of simple manual cleaning, which is obviously not a very practical solution, in particular when the vehicle is in traffic.
For this reason it has already been proposed to provide known rearview mirrors with heating elements in order to enable the automation of these demisting or defrosting operations. The German Patent Application No. 2 028 978 therefore proposes to provide a heated rearview mirror in which the heating element is constituted by a metallic or semiconductor layer covering the surface of the mirror opposite to the surface provided with the reflecting layer. The German Patent Application No. 2 710 588 further proposes a rearview mirror in which the heating element is constituted by a resistive layer which is applied directly to the rear silvered surface of the mirror. In the two embodiments mentioned above, the heating and reflecting operations are however ensured whatever the position of the heating layer with respect to the reflecting layer by two entirely separate elements which only serves to increase the manufacturing complexity of these rearview mirrors. The British Patent Specification No. 1 387 436 proposes a simplified rearview mirror in which the heating element is constituted by a resistive nickel-chromium alloy layer which is designed to act simultaneously as the reflecting layer, however the reflecting power of a nickle-chromium alloy layer of this type is much less than that of conventional reflecting layers. In all the embodiments mentioned above, the inevitable presence of metal layers does not enable a definitive solution of the problems of corrosion resistance.
It is also known that external rearview vehicle mirrors may under certain conditions cause the driver to suffer from a certain amount of visual discomfort, in particular when driving at twilight when the reflectivity of the mirrors may be completely inadequate, or when driving in complete darkness when the reflection of the headlights of vehicles approaching from behind in the rearview mirrors may dazzle the driver. A certain number of solutions have been proposed up to now which enable these causes of visual discomfort to be remedied, in particular based on the use of multilayer dielectric mirrors which have the major advantage of improving reflectivity in the blue portion of the visible spectrum (improvement of visibility at twilight) whilst strongly attenuating reflectivity in the yellow portion of this spectrum (suppression of the risk of being dazzled). However, it has not as yet been proposed to improve such mirrors pr
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patent: 4048978 (1977-09-01), Plumat et al.
patent: 4147409 (1979-04-01), Apfel
patent: 4189205 (1980-02-01), Vandeher
patent: 4251316 (1981-02-01), Smallgone
Mayewsky Volodymyr Y.
Societa Italiana Vetro-Siv-S.p.A.
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