Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting – deodorizing – preser – Chemical reactor
Reexamination Certificate
2007-10-09
2007-10-09
Langel, Wayne A. (Department: 1754)
Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting, deodorizing, preser
Chemical reactor
C422S150000, C431S002000, C431S007000, C431S328000
Reexamination Certificate
active
10098829
ABSTRACT:
The invention provides improved burners, combustion apparatus, and methods for carbon nanomaterial production. The burners of the invention provide sooting flames of fuel and oxidizing gases. The condensable products of combustion produced by the burners of this invention produce carbon nanomaterials including without limitation, soot, fullerenic soot, and fullerenes. The burners of the invention do not require premixing of the fuel and oxidizing gases and are suitable for use with low vapor pressure fuels such as those containing substantial amounts of polyaromatic hydrocarbons. The burners of the invention can operate with a hot (e.g., uncooled) burner surface and require little, if any, cooling or other forms of heat sinking. The burners of the invention comprise one or more refractory elements forming the outlet of the burner at which a flame can be established. The burners of the invention provide for improved flame stability, can be employed with a wider range of fuel/oxidizer (e.g., air) ratios and a wider range of gas velocities, and are generally more efficient than burners using water-cooled metal burner plates. The burners of the invention can also be operated to reduce the formation of undesirable soot deposits on the burner and on surfaces downstream of the burner.
REFERENCES:
patent: 2618533 (1952-11-01), Bills et al.
patent: 3217701 (1965-11-01), Weiss
patent: 3739557 (1973-06-01), Anderson et al.
patent: 3810732 (1974-05-01), Koch
patent: 3912443 (1975-10-01), Ravault et al.
patent: 3954388 (1976-05-01), Hildebrand
patent: 3955947 (1976-05-01), Hoon et al.
patent: 4082523 (1978-04-01), Pausch
patent: 4202660 (1980-05-01), Pei
patent: 4250145 (1981-02-01), Pobst, Jr. et al.
patent: 4259095 (1981-03-01), Johnson, Jr.
patent: 4329162 (1982-05-01), Pitcher, Jr.
patent: 4500283 (1985-02-01), Smith
patent: 4608012 (1986-08-01), Cooper
patent: 4673349 (1987-06-01), Abe et al.
patent: 4889481 (1989-12-01), Morris et al.
patent: 5227038 (1993-07-01), Smalley et al.
patent: 5273729 (1993-12-01), Howard et al.
patent: 5304366 (1994-04-01), Lorents et al.
patent: 5316636 (1994-05-01), Bunshah et al.
patent: 5364182 (1994-11-01), Hawkins
patent: 5395409 (1995-03-01), Klimczak et al.
patent: 5409375 (1995-04-01), Butcher
patent: 5470222 (1995-11-01), Holowczack et al.
patent: 5800580 (1998-09-01), Feldt
patent: 5837017 (1998-11-01), Santschi et al.
patent: 5876684 (1999-03-01), Withers et al.
patent: 5985232 (1999-11-01), Howard et al.
patent: 6162411 (2000-12-01), Howard et al.
patent: 6244860 (2001-06-01), Gross et al.
patent: 6423331 (2002-07-01), Mangold et al.
patent: 6725811 (2004-04-01), Moore et al.
patent: 2002/0104596 (2002-08-01), Crafton et al.
patent: 2005/0147552 (2005-07-01), Howard
patent: 6056414 (1994-03-01), None
patent: 7138009 (1995-05-01), None
patent: PCT 2002227838 (2003-03-01), None
Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, http://.m-w.com/dictionary/refractory.
Bachmann et al. (1994), “The formation of C60and its precursors in naphthalene flames,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 223:506-510.
Bogdanov, A.A. et al. (May 2000), “Development Prospects of the Commercial Production of Fullerenes,” Tech. Phys. 45(5):521-527.
Curl et al. (Oct. 1991), “Fullerenes,” Sci. Am. pp. 54-63.
Diederich et al. (1991), “The Higher Fullerenes: Isolation and Characterization of C76, C84, C90, C94, and C70O, an Oxide of D5h-C70, ” Science 252:548-551.
Diener, M.D. et al. (Sep. 2000—web published), “Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Flames,” J. Phys. Chem. B 104:9615-9620.
Hebgen P and Howard, J.B. (1999), “Synthesis of Fullerenes in Low Pressure Benzene/Oxygen Diffusion Flames,” Fifth Int'l Microgravity Combustion Workshop K.R. Sachsteder and J.S. T'ien (eds.) NASA/CP 1999-208917, pp. 137-140.
Homann, K.-H. (1998), “Fullerenes and Soot Formation—New Pathways to Large Particles in Flames,” Angew, Chem. Int. Ed. 37:2434-2451.
Howard et al. (1991), “Fullerenes C60and C70in flames,” Nature 352:139-141.
Howard et al. (1992), “Production of C60and C70Fullerenes in Benzene-Oxygen Flames,” J. Phys. Chem. 96:6657-6662.
Howard et al. (1992), “Fullerenes Synthesis in Combustion,” Carbon 30:1183-1201.
Krätschmer et al. (1990), “Solid C60: a new form of carbon,” Nature 347:354-358.
McKinnon et al. (1992), “Combustion Synthesis of Fullerenes,” Comb. Flame 88:102-112.
Taylor et al. (1993), “Formation of C60by pyrolysis of naphthalene,” Nature 366:728-731.
Zhang et al. (1999), “Laser Ablation Mass Spectrometry of Pyrolyzed Koppers Coal-Tar Pitch: A Precursor for Fullerenes and Metallofullerenes,” J. Phys. Chem. B 103:9450-9458.
Alford, J.M., Diener, M.D., Wright, J.D., “Large-scale production of fullerenes by combustion,” Book of abstracts, Paper 175, 215th ACS national meeting, Dallas, Mar. 29-Apr. 21, 1998.
Alford J. Michael
Diener Michael D.
Karpuk Michael
Nabity James
Fiorito James
Greenlee Winner and Sullivan P.C.
Langel Wayne A.
TDA Research, Inc.
LandOfFree
Burners and combustion apparatus for carbon nanomaterial... does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Burners and combustion apparatus for carbon nanomaterial..., we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Burners and combustion apparatus for carbon nanomaterial... will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-3902285