Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Measuring or testing process involving enzymes or... – Involving nucleic acid
Reexamination Certificate
2001-11-09
2004-11-23
Ponnaluri, Padmashri (Department: 1639)
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Measuring or testing process involving enzymes or...
Involving nucleic acid
C435S004000, C435S180000, C435S287100, C435S287200, C436S518000, C436S528000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06821730
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the fields of carbon nanotube technology and molecular biology. In particular, the invention relates to methods and composition for producing large numbers of distinguishable labels comprising carbon nanotubes. More particularly, the invention relates to compositions, apparatus and methods of use of carbon nanotube labels for DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) sequencing and other applications.
2. Background
Carbon nanotubes may be thought of as sheets of graphite that have been rolled up into cylindrical tubes. The basic repeating unit of the graphite sheet consists of hexagonal rings of carbon atoms, with a carbon-carbon bond length of about 1.42 Å. Depending on how they are made, the tubes may multiple walled or single walled. A typical single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) has a diameter of about 1.2 to 1.4 nm.
The structural characteristics of nanotubes provide them with unique physical properties. Nanotubes may have up to 100 times the mechanical strength of steel and can be up to 2 mm in length. They exhibit the electrical characteristics of either metals or semiconductors, depending on the degree of chirality or twist of the nanotube. Different chiral forms of nanotubes are known as armchair, zigzag and chiral nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes have been used as electrical conductors and as electron field emitters. The electronic properties of carbon nanotubes are determined in part by the diameter and length of the tube.
Many existing methods of use in molecular biology would benefit from the availability of a highly diverse set of tag molecules that could be used as molecular labels to detect binding of specific analytes to various ligands. For example, the speed and efficiency of nucleic acid sequencing would be greatly enhanced by the availability of unique labels capable of identifying all possible nucleic acid sequences for oligonucleotides of five, six, seven, eight or even more nucleotide residues in length. At present, no such set of distinguishable labels with the required degree of diversity exists.
REFERENCES:
patent: 5202231 (1993-04-01), Drmanac et al.
patent: 5332666 (1994-07-01), Prober et al.
patent: 5436130 (1995-07-01), Mathies et al.
patent: 5780232 (1998-07-01), Arlinghaus et al.
patent: 5821058 (1998-10-01), Smith et al.
patent: 5821060 (1998-10-01), Arlinghaus et al.
patent: 5866434 (1999-02-01), Massey et al.
patent: 5972619 (1999-10-01), Drmanac et al.
patent: 6045996 (2000-04-01), Cronin et al.
patent: 6083695 (2000-07-01), Hardin et al.
patent: 6140045 (2000-10-01), Wohlstadter et al.
patent: 6187823 (2001-02-01), Haddon et al.
patent: 6258401 (2001-07-01), Crowley
patent: 6283812 (2001-09-01), Jin et al.
patent: 6297592 (2001-10-01), Goren et al.
patent: 6303094 (2001-10-01), Kusunoki et al.
Adams, Thomas A. II, “Physical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes,”[on line], [Retrieved on Oct. 22, 2001]. Retrieved from the Internet URL:<http://www.pa.msu.edu./cmp/csc
tproperties/main.html.
Arepalli, S., et al., “Electronically excited C2from laser photodissociated C60,” Chemical Physics Letters, 320 (2000), pp. 26-34.
Bonard, Jean-Marc, et al., “Why are carbon nanotubes such excellent field emitters?” [Retrieved on Oct. 22, 2001]. Retrieved from the Internet URL:<http://www.foresight.org/Conferences/MNT6/Papers/Chatelain. pp. 1-10.
Han, H.X., et al., “Photoluminescence Study of Carbon Nanotubes” Los Alamos Physics Preprints: cond-mat/0004035, Apr. 4, 2000, pp. 1-6.
Hertel, Tobias, et al., “Electron-Photon Interaction in Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes: A Time-Domain Study,” Physical Review Letters, 2000, 84: 5002-5005.
Mason, Jack, “Nanotubes Fall Into Line,” [on line], [Retrieved on Oct. 23, 2001]. Retrieved from the Internet, Technology Review, May 24, 2001, pp. 1-2.
Odom, Teri, et al. “Atomic structure and electronic properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes” Nature, 1998, 391: 62-64.
Parker, Deborah et al. “High-Yield synthesis, separation, and mass-spectrometric characterization of fullerenes C60to C266” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113: 7499-7503.
Rinzler, Andrew, et al. “Session S20-Nanotubes VII: Spectroscopy and Optical Properties,” Focus Session, Wednesday afternoon, Mar. 14, Room 401, Washington State Convention Center. [Retrieved on Oct. 23, 2001]. Retrieved fron the Internet URL:<http://www.aps.org/meet/MAR01/baps/abs/S6800.html. pp. 1-5.
Rochefort, Alain, “The Effects of Finite Length on the Electronic Structure of Carbon Nanotubes” Los Alamos Physics Preprints:cond-mat/9808271, Aug. 24, 1998, pp. 1-8.
Sasaki, K. “Vacuum structure of Carbon Nanotube Torus” Los Alamos Physics Preprints:cond-mat/0106190, Jun. 11, 2001, pp. 1-10.
Venema, Liesbeth, et al., Imaging Electron Wave Functions od Quantized Energy Levels in Carbon Nanotubes, Los Alamos Physics Preprints:cond-mat/9811317, Nov. 23, 1998, pp. 1-14.
Wildoer, Jeroen et al., “Electronic structure of atomically resolved carbon nanotubes” Nature, 1998, 391: 59-62.
Blakely , Sokoloff, Taylor & Zafman LLP
Intel Corporation
Ponnaluri Padmashri
Tran My-Chau T.
LandOfFree
Carbon nanotube molecular labels does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Carbon nanotube molecular labels, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Carbon nanotube molecular labels will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-3293417