Catalyst – solid sorbent – or support therefor: product or process – Solid sorbent – Organic
Patent
1991-06-17
1993-02-09
Garvin, Patrick P.
Catalyst, solid sorbent, or support therefor: product or process
Solid sorbent
Organic
502404, B01J 2026
Patent
active
051853132
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to an adsorbent for metal ions, proteins and other substances and indicates methods for adsorption of heavy metals from water solutions.
When certain heavy metals, such as copper, nickel and zinc, are adsorbed to the adsorbent according to the invention, a product is formed which in turn takes up organic substances from a water solution The metal ions immobilized on the product may be used for separation of proteins from each other in blood serum, extracts from animals and plants, etc.
Heavy metals can be concentrated from diluted solutions by adsorption, whereby the solutions will be liberated from the metal ions more or less effectively. This is of importance in the hydro metallurgy, but also in the control of the environment, where heavy metal pollution is an increasing problem, as well as in medical science relating to acute or chronic, poisoning. Heavy metal ions immobilized to an insoluble bearer can also be used as an adsorbing agent for organic substances, and, where applicable, for its catalytic properties Metal ions attached to high molecular soluble polymers also have potential new fields of application.
Metal adsorption can be carried out on ion exchangers, and metal ions can be separated from each other effectively In the hydro metallurgy among others metal chelating adsorbents are used, in which the chelate forming group often comprises dithiocarbamate, hydroxamatphenol or ketoenolate groups. Usually the chelate forming adsorbents are based upon insoluble hydrophobic bearers, e.g. cross-linked polystyrene and for analytical purposes polystyrene derivatives of immino diacetate are suitable.
Immino diacetate inserted in a hydrophilic bearer, such as agarose, is also used for chromatographic separations, IMAC (immobilized metal ion affinity chroamtography) or metal chelate affinity based protein chromatography Other gel materials with other chelate forming groups have also been used.
It is of importance that the chelate forming groups on the one hand bind certain heavy metals, and on the other hand have a high selectivity. According to a certain aspect of the invention with only nitrogen in the ligand, a high affinity for mercury, cadmium and copper will be reached, but a low affinity for iron. In this state with a high relative affinity for the above mentioned metals, they can thus be concentrated effectively from water solutions containing iron, whereby alkali metals and earth alkali metals or aluminium do not disturb noticeably.
The adsorbent according to the invention is characterized by the structure P-D-L, wherein P is a polymer, D a cross-linking bridge connecting P with a ligand L comprising one or more heteroaromatic ring systems with at least one ring nitrogen, N, which together with a proximal ring atom C establishes a terminal in an atom sequence A: N - C - C.sub.n - N, where n is 1 or 2, and the other terminal of which - C.sub.n - N - also can be included in a heteroaromatic ring system with one or more hetero atoms, and via D is bound to P, or where - Cn - N is included in an exocyclic side group of the heterocyclic ring and bound to the polymer P via D.
The ligand structure comprises a nitrogenic ring of aromatic character. Especially effective to bind heavy metals are pyridine and imidazole. These ring systems as such have low affinity to heavy metals such as e.g. copper ions, but the affinity may be magnified considerably by suitable substitution.
In the ligand according to the invention a side group is inserted in 2-position to the ring nitrogen with a nitrogen group in the side chain, separated from the ring nitrogen by an atom sequence of 2 or 3 carbon atoms. This substitution causes a 5- or 6- membered chelate ring to be established with a heavy metal with pronounced affinity to nitrogen atoms (metal ions of "hard" or "intermediate" type).
A heteroaromatic ring ##STR1## with the atom sequence A, where n=1: N.sup.1 =C.sup.2 -C.sup.3 -N.sup.4 can give a metal chelate ##STR2## and with the atom sequence A, where n=2: N.sup.1 =C.sup.2 -C.sup.3 -C.su
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Exploaterings AB T.B.F.
Garvin Patrick P.
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