Winding – tensioning – or guiding – Unwinding and rewinding a machine convertible information... – Cartridge system
Reexamination Certificate
2001-03-22
2003-10-07
Nguyen, John Q. (Department: 3654)
Winding, tensioning, or guiding
Unwinding and rewinding a machine convertible information...
Cartridge system
C242S160100, C242S324000, C242S520000, C242S548200, C360S132000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06629657
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to the field of winding a tape within a tape storage cartridge which includes a rotatably mounted reel. In particular, the invention relates to method and apparatus to wind a tape medium on a reel disposed within a tape storage cartridge. Applicants' invention further relates to a tape cartridge having a tape medium disposed therein.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Tape media, such a magnetic tape, is a common medium for the storage of data to be utilized by a computer. Magnetic tape has found widespread use as a data storage medium because it provides a relatively inexpensive solution for storing large amounts of data. There are, however, some problems with the methods previously used to store magnetic tape that can cause damage to the magnetic tape media. This damage results in errors when reading or recording data on the magnetic tape.
Magnetic tape is stored on cartridges of which there are a variety of different types and sizes. One reason for the variety of cartridge types is the variety of different tape drives in which the cartridges are used. Tape cartridges are comprised essentially of a cartridge shell which houses a rotatably mounted reel. Magnetic tape is wound around the hub of the reel. Reel flanges are used to contain the magnetic tape as the magnetic tape is wound on the hub. A fully loaded tape cartridge has magnetic tape wound around the hub such that the multiple layers of tape form a stack of magnetic tape extending out to near the end of the reel flanges.
The tape cartridge is inserted into a tape drive mechanism which automatically threads the magnetic tape from the tape cartridge through the tape guide mechanism of the tape drive assembly. The tape is then available to the tape drive mechanism for the reading and writing of data.
Data is recorded on magnetic tape in a specific format. The ability of a tape drive mechanism to read data from a piece of magnetic tape is contingent upon the data existing on the tape at positions according to the specific recording format. If a read head is aligned with a segment of magnetic tape in order to read a certain data track but instead a different data track is adjacent the read head, errors in reading the data occur.
One way to ensure that the magnetic tape medium is properly aligned with the read/write heads of the tape drive mechanism is to use the edge of the magnetic tape medium as a reference position. If, for example, a tape cartridge is loaded with ½″ magnetic tape, a tape edge guide mechanism in the tape drive is used whereby one edge of the magnetic tape is kept flush against the tape edge guide. If the width of the tape is constant, ½″ in this example, then each track on the magnetic tape is in a known location, according to the recording format of the tape, relative to the read and write heads of the tape drive.
If the edge of a segment of magnetic tape is not straight, the tape edge guide mechanism is not able to properly align the magnetic tape. This can occur when the magnetic tape has been somehow damaged causing a crease, wrinkle, or other deformity, in the edge of the tape. When the damaged portion of the magnetic tape moves along the tape guide, the position of the magnetic tape with respect to the read and write heads is incorrect and, to some extent, unknown. Errors can then result when reading data from the tape. Typical tape drive devices include a control unit programmed in such a way, through error correction routines, to detect when errors of this type occur. However, even if the error is detectable, there may be no way to read certain data from a damaged tape. These errors are sometimes called permanent errors and can be critical depending on the extent and type of data that is lost.
It is therefore important that tape loaded in a tape cartridge remain undamaged. Tape cartridges are subject to various forms of physical stress and shock. Magnetic tape is often used for long term storage of data for periods of many years therefore the cartridge must protect the tape not just when the cartridge is new but also after many years of physical handling.
Magnetic tape stored in tape cartridges using prior art winding methods and apparatus is susceptible to damage when the tape cartridge suffers a physical shock, such as when it is dropped. As described above, magnetic tape is wound on the hub of a reel. The reels have flanges extending from the hub which are flared slightly so that the distance between the flanges is greater at the outer edge of the flanges than the distance between the flanges immediately adjacent the hub. This is because allowance must be made for air to escape from between the layers of tape as the tape is wound on the hub.
It is also necessary to provide an amount of clearance between the reel and the cartridge shell so that the reel can move, to a limited extent, independent of the position of the shell. This clearance is required to allow the reel to be engaged by the motor drive of the tape drive mechanism when the cartridge is inserted into the tape drive mechanism.
Sometimes when the tape is winding on the hub using prior winding methods and apparatus, a layer of tape is inadvertently wound offset from the rest of the stack of tape wound on the hub. This results in what is termed a “pop strand” or “stagger wrap fin” which is a single layer, or a grouping of layers, which are not edge for edge aligned with the remainder of the tape wound on the hub. The stagger wrap fin extends into the space between the edge of the stack of tape and the adjacent flange. If the cartridge is dropped on the floor and lands on a corner of the cartridge, the shock of the impact can force the outer edge of the reel flange to contact the cartridge shell. This causes the outer edge of the reel flange to flex inwardly in the direction of the other reel flange, thereby reducing the distance between those reel flanges. In this event, a stagger wrap fin can be pinched between the reel flange and the stack of tape. When a stagger wrap fin gets pinched between the reel flange and the stack of tape, a crease is formed in the tape comprising the stagger wrap fin. Creases in the tape edges destroy the straight, consistent tape edge necessary for error-free operation of the tape drive mechanism.
If the edge of the tape is damaged, then the tape does not thread properly in the tape drive mechanism. When the damaged tape edge passes along the tape edge guide mechanism, the tape is improperly aligned relative to the read and write heads of the tape drive device. This results in errors when reading data from the tape or writing data to the tape. These errors may be, as described above, permanent errors which cannot be corrected through error correction codes. Permanent errors can be catastrophic depending on the criticality of the data that is lost.
There exists a need for a method and apparatus to dispose a tape within a tape cartridge such that the tape is better protected from mechanical forces impacting upon the cartridge. Applicants' method and apparatus achieves these goals using conventional tape cartridge components.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Applicants' invention includes a method for disposing a length of tape around the hub portion of a rotatable reel housed with a tape cartridge. The reel includes a first flange having an inner surface, and a second flange having an inner surface. These flanges connect to the hub and extend outwardly therefrom to contain the wound tape. Applicants' method includes the steps of attaching the first end of the tape to the hub portion, rotating the reel to dispose a first portion of the tape around the hub. This first portion of the tape includes a first edge and a second edge. This first portion is would around the hub such that its first edge is disposed on the inner surface of the first flange.
Applicants' method further includes the step of disposing a second portion of the tape around the hub. This second portion includes a first edge and a second edge. This second portion
Cripps Justin Ryan
Gale Ernest Stewart
Hutchins Robert Allen
Karp James Mitchell
International Business Machines - Corporation
Nguyen John Q.
Regelman Dale F.
LandOfFree
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