Plants – Herbaceous ornamnental flowering plant – Geranium
Plant Patent
2001-03-07
2003-12-23
Bell, Kent (Department: 1661)
Plants
Herbaceous ornamnental flowering plant
Geranium
Plant Patent
active
PP014400
ABSTRACT:
Latin name of the plant claimed: The plant claimed is
Pelargonium graveolens
var. ‘Safal’.
FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention is related to the development of a novel high essential oil producing plant obtained through a unique method of progeny screening from the seeds obtained from the plant cultivar ‘Bipuli’ (unpatented) of
Pelargonium graveolens,
from which a novel, unique and commercially viable plant of rose scented geranium
Pelargonium graveolens
with high quantity and quality of essential oil yield was screened out. Further, the invention relates to the development of a high essential oil yielding hybrid named as ‘Safal’ through a planned selection and analysis of the ‘Bipuli’ seedling progenies. The essential oil of the plant is rich in rhodinol (89%) which includes the constituents geraniol, citronellyl, geranyl acetate, citronellyl acetate, geranyl formate, citronellyl formate, phenyl ethyl alcohols, cis and trans rose oxides, linalool and likewise. The hybrid of the invention can be planted and maintained for commercial cultivation through vegetative propagation using the stem cuttings.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The members of the genus, Pelargonium commonly known as geraniums, are common ornamental plants. Some of the species such as
P. graveolens
are used as the source of rose scented geranium essential oil of considerable commercial importance. Geranium oil is one of the expensive essential oils used in perfumery, cosmetics and soap industries. On account of its antimicrobial and pesticidal activities, the use of geranium essential oil for technical applications is expanding. There is need to expand the geranium cultivation in diverse geographical areas with suitable agroclimates to meet the increasing industrial demand for the geranium essential oil. Traditionally, the geranium cultivation is confined to areas having semi-temperate to temperate climates where geranium is planted as perennial crop, maintained in the field for 4-5 years. The shoot portion of the perennial plantations of geranium is harvested 1 to 3 times each year to distill the oil. The spread of geranium cultivation has been narrow because the prevalent cultivars of
Pelargonium graveolens
are highly susceptible to water logging in soil, white ants and several bacterial and fungal diseases. Also there is paucity of genetic resources in Pelargonium species cultivated for essential oils. The available varieties suffer from high degree of male and female sterility. Breeding programmes based on cross hybridization have been scarce among essential oil yielding geraniums. So it is important to generate more genotypes with varied characters which can yield high quantity and quality of essential oil.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
The main object of the present invention is to develop a new and distinct plant of
Pelargonium graveolens
‘Safal’, through progeny screening from the seeds obtained from the plant cultivar ‘Bipuli’ of
Pelargonium graveolens,
said plant capable of producing higher quantity and quality of essential oil.
Another object of the present invention is to develop a new plant, which produces less of isomenthone, menthone and other sesqui-terpenes but rich in total rhodinol with a citroniol:geraniol ratio of 1:1.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, in the present invention we have developed a novel, distinct, unique, and high essential oil yielding plant of geranium (
Pelargonium graveolens
) ‘Safal’, through progeny screening from the seeds obtained from the plant cultivar ‘Bipuli’ of
Pelargonlum graveolens,
possessing the following combination of characters:
a. the plant is a hybrid between cultivar ‘Bipuli’ and cultivar ‘Hemanti’ (unpatented) as the pollen donor as indicated by the co-dominance RAPD pattern obtained by the random primer 5′AACGTACGCG3′ [SEQ ID NO:5]
b. possessing very large, hairy, soft, yellow-green (upper surface—144A; lower surface—147B) leaves, dark pink (78D) petals in the flowers,
c. possessing vigorous and rapid vegetative growth with higher plant height of up to 82±6 cm, higher canopy size of up to 1.42±0.4 m
2
, higher herb yield of up to 11.1±0.9 kg per plant, higher leaf area of up to 101±16 cm
2
, higher oil content up to 0.35 to 0.40% and higher oil yield of up to 41 g/plant,
d. producing an essential oil with the following composition; Citronellol 30.6±3.0, Geraniol 28.7±6.0, Isomenthone 8.4±0.5, Linalool 4.7±0.1, Cis rose oxide 0.4±0.1, trans rose oxide 0.2±0.1, Menthone 0.2±0.1, Citronellyl formate 6.6±0.5, Geranyl formate 2.9±0.2, 10-epi-&ggr;-eudesmol 5.4±0.3, 6,9-guaiadiene 0.1±0.1, Decanoic acid 0.1±0.1, Phenyl ethyl tiglate 0.8±0.1, which may not be construed to be limited to these values,
e. with distinct molecular profile by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) using 10 random primers (AAATCGGAGC [SEQ ID NO:1], GTCCTACTCG [SEQ ID NO:2], TGCGCGATCG [SEQ ID NO:4], AACGTACGCG [SEQ ID NO:5], CGGGATCCGC [SEQ ID NO:9], GCGAATTCCG [SEQ ID NO:10], CCCTGCAGGC [SEQ ID NO:11], CCAAGCTTGC [SEQ ID NO:12], AAGATAGCGG [SEQ ID NO:15], GGATCTGAAC [SEQ ID NO:16]) distinguishing the plant from the other existing varieties known to us,
f. producing highest herbage, oil yield per plant as compared to any other existing varieties, and
g. possessing the following botanical details.
Stem shape: Rounded.
Stem habit: Ramified.
Number of nodes:
(
i
)
Primary nodes.—
4.
(
ii
)
Secondary nodes.—
25 to 30.
(
iii
)
Tertiary nodes.—
7.
Average length of primary internode: 3.0 cm.
Leaf apex shape: Mucronate (rounded), cuspidate.
Leaf shape: Palmately lobed, cordate.
Leaf lamina base shape: Hastate.
Petiole shape: Long, hairy.
Petiole color: Yellow-green 147B.
Color of upper leaf surface: Yellow green (144A).
Color of lower leaf surface: Yellow green (147B).
Leaf length: 10.0 cm.
Leaf width: 13 cm.
Number of trichomes: 3.5/mm
2
.
Trichome ratio (lower leaf/upper leaf): 2:1.
Peduncle:
Length.—
5.5.
Color.—
Yellow green (147B).
Time for flowering: February end.
Lastingness of bloom: Starts from February lasts till April.
Flower shape: Tubular.
Pedicel length: 2.5 mm.
Pedicel color: Yellow green (147B).
Calyx diameter: 5 mm.
Calyx:
Color
(
both surfaces
).—Yellow green (146A).
Sepal number.—
5.
Shape.—
Triangular.
Apex.—
Acute.
Base.—
Concave.
Margin.—
Entire, hairy.
Length.—
0.7 cm.
Corolla:
Petal number.—
5.
Shape.—
Tubular bi-lipped free, zygomorphic.
Apex.—
Slightly notched.
Base.—
Slightly ligulate.
Margin.—
Entire.
Length
(
upper lip
).—1.0 cm.
Length
(
lower lip
).—0.9 cm.
Corolla color (both surfaces): Purple group 78D.
Pubescence of corolla: Absent.
Reproductive organs:
Androecium.—
10 stamens, filament sub-equal, united at base, anthers 7, dithoecous, versatile.
Gynoceium.—
Pentacarpellary syncarpous superior ovary.
Color of stigma: Magenta (red purple) (78B).
Umbel:
Inflorescence/plant.—
23.
Flowers/inflorescence.—
7.
Umbel shape.—
Umbrella.
Mature plant:
Height.—
82 cm.
Width.—
140 cm.
Susceptibility to disease: Susceptible to stem and root rot by fungus
Fusarium oxysporum, Rhyzoctonia solanii
and Pythium spp. and to termite attack.
Age of plants when described: 2 years (Lucknow, India).
Conditions of culture: Subtropical climate, soil sandy loam, alkaline (pH 7.8), low in available nitrogen (N 155 kg/ha), medium in available phosphorus (P
2
O
5
30.4 kg/ha) and exchangeable potassium (K
2
O 120 kg/ha). Field was dressed with manure @ 1 ton/ha and chlorphyriphos 1%/ha before planting of cuttings.
Asexual reproduction: Stem cuttings of about 10-20 cm length, with 4-5 nodes and a terminal bud, were planted in nursery beds or pots containing course sand/sphagnum moss. These rooted within 60 days and were planted in the field beds, without disturbing the root system, at 60×60 cm spacing.
Fruit/seed: Fruit setting did not take place in subtropical climatic conditions of Lucknow.
Time to prod
Banerjee Suchitra
Darokar Mahendra Pandurang
Gupta Ritika
Khanuja Suman Preet Singh
Kumar Sushil
Bell Kent
Council of Scientific & Industrial Research
Rothwell Figg Ernst & Manbeack
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