Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser – Synthetic resins – Processes of preparing a desired or intentional composition...
Reexamination Certificate
2000-08-24
2003-01-07
Jagannathan, Vasu (Department: 1714)
Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser
Synthetic resins
Processes of preparing a desired or intentional composition...
C524S601000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06503965
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to non-fluorescent ink compositions for writing instruments and writing instruments making use of the ink composition. The ink compositions comprise a non-fluorescent pigment dispersed in a resin, a stabilizer and a high boiling point organic solvent.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
Current non-aqueous writing instrument inks are in the great majority homogeneous in nature; that is, the colorant is soluble in the liquid medium of the ink. Heterogeneous non-aqueous writing instrument inks currently exist but constitute a very small portion of the total non-aqueous writing instrument market and are limited to a very narrow range of colors such as black, blue, red and green. Those skilled in the art of formulating writing instrument inks desire a way to extend the range of colorant possibilities into metallic, photochromic, thermochromic, pearlescent, inorganic, organic, luminescent and others. Many, if not all, of these desired colorants are insoluble in currently used solvents. There exists a need to make stable, non-aqueous dispersions of the broad range of possible insoluble colorants and to formulate these dispersions into inks suitable for writing instruments.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,455,856 to Voedisch discloses a printing ink and a method of manufacturing a pigment dispersion that contains pigmented resin particles suspended in an oil modified alkyd resin vehicle. Non-fluorescent dyestuffs are disclosed. U.S. Pat. No. 3,455,856 does not disclose the organic solvents of the present invention, nor does it disclose ink compositions for writing instruments, nor does it disclose the use of the stabilizers of the present invention.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,079,026 to Mone discloses oleoresinous base printing inks which contain pigments dispersed in an organic resin and an oil solvent. Non-fluorescent pigments are disclosed. Particularly preferred are oil solvents with boiling points about 200° C., such as those sold by Magie Bros. Oil Company. The ink is used for planographic or letterpress printing, not for writing instruments. Further, U.S. Pat. No. 4,079,026 does not disclose the stabilizers used in the present invention.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,383,860 to Uhlemayr et al. discloses a paper printing ink that includes a pigment and an non-drying alkyd resin binder modified with fatty-chain acids and/or fatty alcohols with an iodine number less than 20. The ink is used for lithoprinting, relief painting, or rotogravure, not for writing instruments as recited in the present invention. Further, U.S. Pat. No. 4,383,860 does not disclose a stabilizer which prevents the resin in the ink composition from polymerizing as does the present invention.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,167,704 to Brower discloses ink and paint compositions comprising pigment, non-petroleum based organic solvent and alkyd resin. The Brower invention requires that soy ink be included in the ink mixture, while the present invention does not require the use of soy ink. Further, the use of a non-petroleum based organic solvent is disclosed as resulting in faster drying speed. U.S. Pat. No. 5,167,704 does not disclose the non-drying solvents of the present invention, nor the use of stabilizers to prevent the drying of the ink.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,228,316 to Auslander et al. discloses a dispersion ink for use with an inking pad to reduce plugging in the pad. The ink contains a solvent, organic pigments dispersed in rosin esters and amino formaldehyde resin dispersed in an alkyd resin, and the resulting colors can be red, blue, green, or black. The ink is used for dispersion printing, not for writing instruments as in the present invention. Further, U.S. Pat. No. 5,228,316 does not disclose a stabilizer which prevents the resin in the ink composition from polymerizing.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,702,512 to Yano et al. discloses an oil ink composition for use in writing instruments. The composition includes titanium dioxide as the pigment, resin, and two other compounds, A and B, to re-disperse precipitated pigments. Compound A must contain at least one amide or amino group, and compound B must be formed of phosphoric acid or phosphate compound. Colored pigments, such as inorganic pigments, organic pigments and metal powder pigments, may also be added to the ink compositions of Yano. U.S. Pat. No. 5,702,512 does not disclose pigments dispersed in resin, nor does it disclose the use of stabilizers to prevent the drying of the ink.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,849,814 to Fujita discloses an eraseable ink composition for writing boards. The composition comprises a pigment, a pigment dispersion resin, non-aqueous ambient temperature non-volatile liquid removal agent and a non-aqueous ambient temperature volatile organic solvent, wherein the amount of pigment dispersion resin relative to pigment is from about 2 to about 10%. Non-fluorescent pigments are disclosed. U.S. Pat. No. 5,849,814 discloses the use of a volatile solvent at ambient temperature. Further, it states that the ink composition of Fujita is superior in time-erasion performance independent of the surface of the writing board. U.S. Pat. No. 5,849,814 does not disclose ink compositions for writing instruments, nor does it disclose high boiling point organic solvents, nor does it disclose writing surfaces other than writing boards.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,814,139 to Beck et al. discloses a process for preparing a water-free ballpoint pen paste comprising at least one phthalocyanine pigment, a customary ballpoint pen paste resin and organic solvent. U.S. Pat. No. 5,814,139 does not disclose a stabilizer which prevents the resin in the ink composition from polymerizing.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,919,858 to Loftin discloses erasable ink compositions comprising an aqueous-based marking ink comprising water, a colorant and a latex emulsion comprising a styrene-butadiene copolymer having a styrene content of less than about 35%. Pigments such as carbon blacks and Prussian blues are disclosed. U.S. Pat. No. 5,919,858 does not disclose the non-aqueous compositions of the present invention.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,942,027 to Ikai et al. discloses a ballpoint pen ink that contains organic solvents, colorants, resins and fine particle silica with primary average particle diameters of 7 to 40 nm and specific surface areas (BET method) of 50 to 380 m
2
/g. Inorganic pigments, such as titanium oxide, carbon black and metal powder, and organic pigments, such as azo lakes, insoluble azo pigments, chelate azo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, perylene pigments, anthraquinone pigments, quinacridone pigments, dye lakes, nitro pigments and nitroso pigments, are disclosed. Inks with a viscosity of 1000 to 5000 mPas at 25° C. are also disclosed. U.S. Pat. No. 5,942,027 does not disclose a pigment dispersed in a resin or the use of a stabilizer to prevent ink drying as recited in the present invention.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,942,028 to Tomiya et al. discloses a method for producing a &bgr;-form copper phthalocyanine pigment printing ink which comprises copper phthalocyanine and a printing ink resin. U.S. Pat. No. 5,942,028 does not disclose ink compositions for writing instruments, nor does it disclose a stabilizer which prevents the resin in the ink composition from polymerizing.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,965,633 to Revol discloses a lithographic printing ink containing an alkali soluble or dispersible binder material which is the reaction product of an acid functional hard resin with a fatty ester oil and/or an alkyd resin. U.S. Pat. No. 5,965,633 does not disclose ink compositions for writing instruments, nor does it disclose a stabilizer which prevents the resin in the ink composition from polymerizing.
The manufacture of lithographic printing inks is distinct from that of handwriting inks. For lithographic printing inks, one objective is for the ink to dry as soon as the ink is printed. For instance, ink chemists normally wish the ink to dry or cure as quickly as possible so that the printed article may be handled and bound (as in a magazine or book) without the ink's rubbing or smearing off the printed sheet. Accordingly, additives are ad
Chen Qingping
Nowak Michael T.
BIC Corporation
Jagannathan Vasu
Pennie & Edmonds LLP
Shosho Callie E.
LandOfFree
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