Optical waveguides – Optical fiber waveguide with cladding
Reexamination Certificate
2001-02-21
2003-09-02
Ullah, Akm E. (Department: 2874)
Optical waveguides
Optical fiber waveguide with cladding
C385S124000, C385S126000, C385S127000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06614973
ABSTRACT:
The present invention relates to the field of optical fiber transmission, and more particularly to the field of wavelength division multiplexed transmission using a line fiber with offset dispersion.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The index profile of an optical fiber is generally described in terms of the appearance of a graph where refractive index is plotted as a function of fiber radius. In conventional manner, the distance r to the center of the fiber is plotted along the abscissa and the difference between the refractive index and the refractive index of the fiber cladding is plotted up the ordinate. Thus, an index profile can be said to be “stepped”, or “trapezium-shaped”, or “triangular”, depending on whether the graphs in question are respectively stepped, trapezium-shaped, or triangular. These curves generally represent an ideal or reference profile for the fiber, and fiber manufacturing constraints can lead to a profile that is perceptibly different.
In order to user a fiber in a transmission network, and in particular in a wavelength multiplexed transmission network, it is advantageous for the fiber to have a large effective area in the wavelength range of the multiplex. A large effective area makes it possible to limit power density within the fiber, for constant total power, and to limit or avoid undesirable non-linear effects.
For high rate networks, it is also advantageous for the fiber to provide monomode propagation of the channels in the multiplex. ITU-T G 650 defines the cutoff wavelength in a cable. The theoretical cutoff wavelength of a fiber is generally several hundreds of nanometers greater than its cutoff wavelength in a cable. It would appear that propagation in an optical fiber can be monomode even if the theoretical cutoff wavelength is greater than the wavelength of the signals used: for distances greater than a few meters or a few tens of meters, which is small compared with the distances over which propagation takes place in optical fiber transmission networks, secondary modes disappear because they are attenuated too strongly. Propagation in the transmission system is then monomode.
It is also important for the sensitivity of the fiber to bends and to microbends to be as small as possible. Sensitivity to bending is evaluated in the manner described in Recommendation ITU-T G 650, by measuring the attenuation that is caused by winding 100 turns of a fiber about a reel having a radius of 30 millimeters (mm). Sensitivity to microbending is measured is conventional manner; it can be done, as it is below, by measuring it relative to a fiber such as the fiber sold by the Applicant company under the reference ASMF 200.
In new transmission networks operating at high bit rates with wavelength division multiplexing, it is advantageous to limit the chromatic dispersion slope in the range of wavelengths used by the multiplex; the idea is to minimize distortions between channels of the multiplex during transmission.
The standard line fiber of the network, generally referred to as the SMF fiber has a dispersion wavelength that is zero around 1300 nanometers (nm), chromatic dispersion C
SMF
at 1550 nm of about 16 picoseconds per nanometer per kilometer (ps
m/km) to 18 ps
m/km, and a chromatic dispersion slope C′
SMF
at 1550 nm of about 0.055 ps
m
2
/km to 0.062 ps
m
2
/km.
The transmission network must necessarily have segments of dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) for compensating the chromatic dispersion and the chromatic dispersion slope of the SMF line fiber. A DCF fiber is disclosed, in particular in the article by Y. Akasaka et al., “Dispersion compensating technique of 1300 nm zero-dispersion SMF to get flat dispersion at 1550 nm range”, Proc. 21st Eur. Cont. on Opt. Comm. (ECOC′95—Brussels), which DCF presents a compensation ratio lying in the range 92% to 108% for an SMF fiber in which C
SMF
=16.3 ps
m/km and C′
SMF
=0.0617 ps
m
2
/km, which corresponds to a ratio C
DCF
/C′
DCF
lying in the range 235 nm to 287 nm.
There also exists DCF fibers sold by Lucent under the name “DK-modules” (DK-40; DK-60; DK-80) in which the compensation ratio lies in the range 80% to 120% for an SMF fiber in which C
SMF
=17 ps
m/km and C′
SMF
=0.0055 ps
m
2
/km, corresponding to a C
DCF
/C′
DCF
ratio lying in the range 250 nm to 370 nm.
The technical problem which arises is that a transmission network comprising an SMF line fiber and a DCF fiber of the above type requires the DCF fiber to be of great length, thereby giving rise to a large amount of attenuation and to high cost.
OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention thus seeks to replace the SMF line fiber with a fiber that is capable of being accurately compensated in terms of dispersion C and dispersion slope C′ by a short length of DCF fiber of the above type, and to do over a wide utilization range.
Although, a priori, a fiber with more or less constant dispersion (i.e. having zero dispersion slope) over the entire utilization range might be appropriate, that cannot be achieved in practice since the effective area decreases with dispersion slope and would therefore become too small to avoid the above-mentioned undesirable non-linear effects.
Nor do presently known dispersion-shifted fibers (DSFs) and non-zero dispersion-shifted fibers (NZDSFs) enable the above compromise to be resolved.
The present invention provides a monomode optical fiber for an optical fiber cable transmission network with wavelength division multiplexing and a utilization range extending from 1300 nm to 1625 nm, having a zero dispersion wavelength less than or equal to 1370 nm, and presenting at a wavelength of 1550 nm:
dispersion C lying in the range 5 ps
m.km to 11 ps
m.km;
a ratio of dispersion to dispersion slope lying in the range 250 nm to 370 nm;
an effective area of not less than 50 square micrometers (&mgr;m
2
); and
a ratio of the square of the effective area over the chromatic dispersion slope greater than 80,000 &mgr;m
4
.nm
2
.km/ps.
The theoretical cutoff wavelength of the fiber is preferably less than 1.8 &mgr;m, since the cutoff wavelength of the cabled fiber needs to be less than 1.3 &mgr;m.
The fiber of the invention can be used advantageously outside the utilization range of the DCF just like an SMF fiber. It is therefore entirely possible to envisage using it in the transparent band of silica which lies in the range 1300 nm to 1625 nm.
The fiber of the invention presents properties that are most advantageous in terms of bending losses. Thus, at 1550 nm its bending losses are less than or equal to 10
−2
decibels (dB) for 100 turns of fiber on a reel of 30 mm radius; at 1625 nm this value is 0.5 dB. Similarly, at 1550 nm its bending losses are less than or equal to 100 dB/m when wound about a radius of 10 mm; at 1625 nm, this value is 400 dB/m.
The microbending sensitivity at 1550 nm (which is evaluated here relative to the microbending sensitivity of a standard fiber sold by the Applicant under the name ASMF 200), the fiber of the invention presents microbending sensitivity of less than 1, and preferably of less than 0.8.
At 1550 nm, the optical fiber of the invention preferably presents a chromatic dispersion slope C′ lying in the range 0.01 ps
m
2
.km to 0.04 ps
m
2
.km, chromatic dispersion C lying in the range 7 ps
m.km to 11 ps
m.km, and an effective area lying in the range 50 &mgr;m
2
to 70 &mgr;m
2
.
In a preferred embodiment, the fiber of the invention has a step-ring profile with the following preferred geometrical characteristics:
the difference &Dgr;n between the index of the step of the fiber and the index of its cladding lies in the range 5.9×10
−3
to 8.2×10
−3
;
the difference &Dgr;n
3
between the index of the ring and the index of the cladding lies in the range 0.9×10
−3
to 7.6×10
−3
;
the difference &Dgr;n
2
between the index of the intermediate segment between the step and the ring, and the index of the cladding lies in the range −6.8×10
de Montmorillon Louis-Anne
Fleury Ludovic
Nouchi Pascale
Sillard Pierre
Alcatel
Rahll Jerry T
Sughrue & Mion, PLLC
Ullah Akm E.
LandOfFree
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