Treated horticultural substrates

Details Treated horticultural substrates Treated horticultural substrates

2000-04-20

2002-10-15

Lovering, Richard D. (Department: 1712)

Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

Preparations characterized by special physical form

Biocides; animal or insect repellents or attractants

C047S002000, C047S05810R, C047SDIG001, C424S421000, C424SDIG001, C427S384000, C427S393100, C428S541000, C504S362000, C516S077000, C516S088000, C516S104000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06464995

ABSTRACT:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to horticultural substrates treated with a particulate membrane and methods for controlling pests associated with such substrates and for providing enhanced horticultural effects.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The prior art has discussed the use of certain inert particulate solids as insecticides, see for example; Driggers, B. F., “Experiments with Talc and Other Dusts Used Against Recently Hatched Larvae of the Oriental and Codling Moths,”
J. Econ. Ent.,
22 327-334 (1929); Hunt, C. R., “Toxicity of Insecticide Dust Diluents and Carriers to Larvae of the Mexican Bean Beetle,”
J. Econ. Ent.,
40 215-219 (1947); P. Alexander, J. A. Kitchener and H. V. A. Briscoe, “Inert Dust Insecticides,” Parts I, II, and III,
Ann. Appl. Biol.,
31 143-159, (1944); and U.S. Pat. No. 3,159,536 (1964) and U.S. Pat. No.5,122,518 (1992), each of which is incorporated herein by reference with regard to its teachings relating to particulate materials.
Plant diseases are caused by various pathogens, e.g., fungi, bacteria and virus, and these diseases have generally been controlled commercially by the use of chemical pesticides. For example, commercial fungicides generally belong to the following types of chemical compounds: inorganic (copper or sulfur based), organic (anilines, anilides, dithiocarbamates, halogen compounds and heterocyclic nitrogen compounds), antibiotics and biologicals. Chemically toxic fungicides and bactericides are often formulated with inert particulates. Inert particulates, however, have been shown to be ineffective toward these plant pests when applied by themselves (see W. O. Cline and R. D. Milholland, “Root Dip Treatments for Controlling Blueberry Stem Blight Caused by
Botryosphaeria dothidea
in Container-Grown Nursery Plants,”
Plant Disease
76 136-138 (1992)). Furthermore, not only have inert particulates been shown to be ineffective in plant disease control, but it has been reported by S. K. Bhattacharyya and M. K. Basu, “Kaolin Powder as a Fungal Carrier,”
Appl. Envir. Microbic.
44 751-753 (1982) that kaolin powder may be used to carry and preserve an Aspergillus sp. for at least 90 days. In another report, S. M. Lipson and G. Stotzky, “Effect of Kaolinite on the Specific Infectivity of Reovirus,”
FEMS Micr. Let.
37 83-88 (1986), it was reported that the infectivity of enteric viruses (e.g., poliovirus, rotavirus and reovirus) is prolonged when these viruses are adsorbed on naturally occurring particulates (sediments, clay materials) in terrestrial and aquatic environments.
O. Ziv and R. A. Frederiksen, “The Effect of Film-forming Anti-transpirants on Leaf Rust and Powdery Mildew Incidence on Wheat,”
Plant Path.
36 242-245 (1987); M. Kamp, “Control of
Erysiphe cichoracearum
on
Zinnia elegans,
with a Polymer-based Antitranspirant,”
Hort. Sci.
20 879-881 (1985); and J. Zekaria-Oren and Z. Eyal, “Effect of Film-forming Compounds on the Development of Leaf Rust on Wheat Seedlings,”
Plant Dis.
75 231-234 (1991)) discuss the use of anti-transpirant polymer films to control disease. Of course, the use of anti-transpirants is undesirable because they reduce the exchange of necessary gases on the surface of living plants.
For prior art regarding horticultural effects see, for example, Byers, R. E., K. S. Yoder, and G. E. Mattus, “Reduction in Russetting of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apples with 2,4,5-TP and Other Compounds,”
HortScience
18:63-65); Byers, R. E., D. H. Carbaugh, and C. N. Presley, “‘Stayman’ Fruit Cracking as Affected by Surfactants, Plant Growth Regulators, and Other Chemicals,”
J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.
115:405-411 (1990); Durner, E. F., and T. J. Gianfagna, “Peach Pistil Growth Inhibition and Subsequent Bloom Delay by Midwinter Bud Whitewashing,”
HortScience
25:1222-1224 (1990); and M. N. Westwood,
Temperate
-
zone Pomology,
page 313 W. H. Freeman and Co. (1978).
Therefore, there is still a need for cost effective inert, nontoxic improved agents for pest control and for enhanced horticultural effects and methods for their use.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to horticultural substrates where the surface of said substrates is coated with a particulate membrane and to methods for pest control and enhanced horticultural effects by forming said membrane on the surface of the horticultural substrate.
In one embodiment, this invention relates to coated substrates comprising a horticultural substrate wherein the surface of said substrate is coated with a membrane comprising one or more particulate layers, said layers comprising one or more particulate materials, said particulate materials being finely divided, and wherein said membrane allows for the exchange of gases on the surface of said substrate.
In another embodiment, this invention relates to a method for pest control on horticultural substrates which comprises forming on the surface of said substrate a membrane comprising one or more particulate layers, said layers comprising one or more particulate materials, said particulate materials being finely divided, and wherein said membrane allows for the exchange of gases on the surface of said substrate.
In still another embodiment, this invention relates to a method for providing enhanced horticultural effects which comprises forming on the surface of a horticultural substrate a membrane comprising one or more particulate layers, said layers comprising one or more particulate materials, said particulate materials being finely divided, and wherein said membrane allows for the exchange of gases on the surface of said substrate.


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