Electricity: measuring and testing – Impedance – admittance or other quantities representative of... – Lumped type parameters
Reexamination Certificate
2000-05-04
2002-07-02
Le, N. (Department: 2858)
Electricity: measuring and testing
Impedance, admittance or other quantities representative of...
Lumped type parameters
C324S687000, C324S690000, C324S665000, C324S675000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06414497
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to paving material density analyzers. More particularly, the present invention relates to a paving material analyzer system and a method for analyzing paving material.
2. Related Art
During paving operations, paving material is usually laid at about 75% of acceptable compaction. Acceptable compaction is a recommended level of compaction that reduces variations in the material, such as air voids, that can create potential defects in the paving material. It is highly advantageous to compact the paving material to a level as close to acceptable compaction as possible. Unfortunately, the level of compaction is not readily apparent by viewing the compacted paving material. In order to address this problem, measurement of dielectric properties of paving material is known to be very useful for determining material density, a key indicator of compaction level.
One pavement density indicator device is that of Blackwell, U.S. Pat. No. 3,784,905. Blackwell's device measures dielectric properties of the asphalt, which is representative of the change in density in the asphalt. The device of Blackwell has many disadvantages. For example, in order to obtain a reading, the Blackwell device must be moved at extremely slow speeds across the material being tested and, accordingly, requires an extended time period to provide a determination. The Blackwell device, due to its excessive weight, also requires a large sled frame (contact area) to be dragged across the pavement surface. Another disadvantage is limited adjustability of the depth of measurement of the device caused by the given set of electrodes only being able to vary the depth of measurement by changing the height of the electrodes. Yet another disadvantage is the inability to measure density when the paving material is wet.
In another apparatus, a nuclear source is used to determine density of pavement material. This device has a variety of obvious drawbacks. For instance, the device requires a licensed operator and a radiation shield (e.g., a lead enclosure). Furthermore, the device is non-adjustable for area, time-consuming in use, and heavy.
Another disadvantage of the above-described devices is their inability to vary the shape and area of the sensing area. Altering the shape and area of the sensing area is advantageous for determining the density in particular pavement attributes, e.g., dips, joints, odd shaped patches, etc.
Yet another disadvantage of the above-described devices is that their operation speed is relatively slow. It is therefore desired to have a system which is faster than those available.
In view of the foregoing there is a long felt need for a reliable paving material analyzer system and method for analyzing paving material. There is also a need for a system and method that can correct for moisture on the paving material.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention overcomes the above shortcomings by providing in a first aspect of the invention, a paving material analyzer system comprising: a sensor; an electronic circuit operatively coupled to the sensor to generate an electrical field from the sensor proximate the paving material; and a data analyzer that determines a density of the paving material based on the effect of impedance characteristics of the paving material on the electrical field.
A second aspect of the invention provides a method for analyzing paving material comprising the steps of: determining an impedance of the paving material; and determining the density of the paving material based on the impedance determination of the paving material.
A third aspect of the invention provides a paving material analyzer system comprising: means for determining an impedance of the paving material; and means for determining the density of the paving material based on the impedance determination of the paving material.
In a fourth aspect of the invention is provided a paving material analyzer system comprising: a sensor; an electronic circuit operatively coupled to the sensor to generate an electrical field from the sensor proximate the paving material; and a density determining data analyzer that determines a density of the paving material regardless of moisture presence on the paving material.
The foregoing and other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of preferred embodiments of the invention.
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Atkins, R. T., Pangburn, T., Bates, R. E., and Brockett, B. E., “Soil Moisture Determinations Using Capacitance Probe Methodology,” U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Special Report 98-2, Jan. 1998.
Hosterman Richard N.
Moross George G.
Sovik Robert A.
Hamdan Wasseem H.
Hoffman, Warnick & D'Alessandro LLC
Le N.
TransTech Systems, Inc.
Warnick Spencer K.
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