Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Heterocyclic carbon compounds containing a hetero ring...
Reexamination Certificate
2000-11-09
2002-04-02
Seaman, D. Margaret (Department: 1625)
Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series
Organic compounds
Heterocyclic carbon compounds containing a hetero ring...
C546S348000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06365744
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the newly developed synthetic method to produce regioselectively substituted pyridines from two different alkynes with a nitrile based on the chemical reaction between azametallacyclopendadiene, especially azametallacyclopendadiene of a pre period transition metal, and alkynes, in the presence of transition metal complex of stoichiometric amount, desirably in the presence of Ni (II) complex.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Pyridines are recognized as the very important intermediate product of various chemicals such as medicines, agricultural chemicals or bridging agents and also as the final chemical products. Therefore, it is desired for a long time to develop a method for preparation of pyridines, in which chemical reactions are proceeded by functional group selectively and regioselectively, using starting materials that can be easily purchased and by simplified process (that is, the numbers of steps in a process are few).
Especially, a co-cycloaddition of two alkynes with a nirile which uses transition metal complex is an attractive reaction as a straightforward method for the preparation of pyridine derivatives.
Said process is very closely related to the trimerization of alkynes to arenes, and the same catalysts such as CpCo (cod) or CpCo (CO)
2
are employed in these two processes.
In a case to synthesize pyridines from alkynes and nitriles, there are functional group selective and regioselective problems, similarly to the afore mentioned case of benzene derivatives preparation, which is a kind of arenes.
To overcome the problem of above mentioned producing method, various countermeasures are proposed. For example, the problem of functional group selection is proposed to be solved by the careful designing of metal complex, and the problem of regioselection is proposed to be solved by co-cycloaddition of diyne with a nitrile or by co-cycloaddition of a cyanoalkyne with an alkyne. However, said countermeasures are only partial solving, and are far from a final object. Especially, when the regioselective problem is not controlled, the synthetic technique is not a sufficient one as a synthetic technique and cannot be said as a substantial progress of synthetic techonology, even if it is completed from the view point of a functional group selection.
Therefore, the object of this invention is to develop and to provide a method for production of pyridine by which the pyridines producing reaction progresses by functional group selectively and the regioselectively, using starting material of easy purchase and by a simplified process (few step numbers of processes).
At the development of said method for production, the inventors of this invention have thought of that the method for synthesizing of pyridines regioselectively can be established using above mentioned two alkynes with one nitrile as the starting materials, based on the same theory to the technique that arenes can be regioselectively obtained from three different kinds of alkynes, which has been published recently.
The published technique for producing of said arenes is to obtain arenes by the reaction of zirconacyclopentadiene with alkyne under the presence of CuCl of chemical equivalent amount.
In the meanwhile, referring to the method for azazirconacyclopentadiene is well known, as disclosed, for example, in pages from 6802 to 6806 of J. Org. Chem. Vol 63. No.20,1998.
The inventor of the present invention investigated the method to dissolve above-mentioned problem using the method for producing pyridines by regioselectively reacting above mentioned well-known intermediate product and second alkynes.
As the chemical reaction to produce pyridines by reacting azazircona-cyclopendadiene with alkynes, following chemical reaction scheme 1 can be supposed.
in the formula, M indicates early transition metal. L indicates cyclopentadienyl group, indenyl group, fluorenyl group, azurenyl group, hydrocarbonoxy group, amide group, acetylacetonate group, carboxyl group, phosphine ligand, amine ligand, ether ligand and ligand that these are coupled by adequate bridging group, and n indicates integer of 1 to 4. When n is bigger than 2, a combination by different ligands can be used. R
3
, R
4
and R
5
respectively indicate a substituted or non-substituted alkyl group, alkenyl group, aromatic group, silyl group, alkoxy group or ester group of carbon number 1 to 20.
However, it become clear that azazirconacyclopendadiene alone cannot react with alkynes. Therefore, to render reaction to proceed, it is necessary to transmetalate Zr—C and Zr—N bonds of azazirconacyclopendadiene to more reactive metal-C and Metal-N bonds.
Accordingly, first of all, the inventors of this invention investigated the reaction of triethylazazirconacyclopendadiene and 3-hexene in the presence of a stoichiometric amount of CuCl.
However, the results did not meet the expectation from the method for production of arenes which controls resioselectivity in the presence of a stoichiometric amount of CuCl. On the contrary, the use of NiCl
2
(PPh
3
)
2
instead of CuCl at 50° C. results in the formation of pentaethylpyridine (2a) (in a case of R=ethyl group) in 71% yield (scheme 2).
The similar results are obtained for the reaction to obtain pentapropylpyridine (2b) (in a case of R=propyl group) from tripropylazazirconacyclopendadiene and 4-octyne (above mentioned scheme 2).
From these results, it becomes clear that the producing method of pyridines can be developed by the reaction mentioned above by using specific transition metal. And, by the results of further study of this reaction revealed that it can conveniently used for the preparation of homosubstituted as well as unsymmetrically substituted pyridines.
Further attention is directed to the preparation of unsymmetrically substituted pyridines by coupling of two different kinds of alkynes with nitrile. Still further, the advantage of this method is based on a sequence of selective transformations of organozirconium intermediates which is outlined in scheme 3 (mentioned below).
Therefore, the object of this invention is to provide a method to produce pyridines which is good at chemoselectivity and regioselectivity problems based on above mentioned expectation.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The important point of this invention is a method to produce pyridines represented by general formula (3) by the reaction of azametallacyclopentadiene represented by general formula (1) with alkynes represented by general formula (2) in organic solvent, in the presence of transition metal complex,
In the formula, M indicates early transition metal, desirably indicates Zr, Ti or Hf. L indicates cyclopentadienyl group, indenyl group, fluorenyl group, azurenyl group, hydrocarbonoxy group, amide group, acetylacetonate group, carboxyl group, phosphine ligand, amine ligand, ether ligand and ligand that these are coupled by adequate bridging group, and n indicates integer of 1 to 4. When n is bigger than 2, a combination by different ligands can be used. R
1
, R
2
and R
3
respectively indicate a substituted or non-substituted alkyl group, alkenyl group, aromatic group, silyl group, alkoxy group or ester group of carbon number 1 to 20.
wherein, R4 and R5 are similar to R
1
, R
2
and R
3
, and represents respectively a substituted or non-substituted alkyl group, alkenyl group, aromatic group, silyl group, alkoxy group or ester group of carbon number 1 to 20.
wherein, R
1
, R
2
, R
3
, R
4
and R5 are same as above mentioned.
Desirably, a producing method of above mentioned pyridines that uses Ni (II) complex represented by general formula NiXmLn, in general formula NiXmLn, L represents a neutral ligand, n represents integer of 1 to 4. X represents an anionic ligand, m represents integer of 1 to 4. n and m can be a combination of different type ligand.
The inventors of this invention have dissolved above mentioned problem, by reacting azazirconacyclopentadiene and alkynes in the presence of a stoichiometric amount of Ni (II) comple
Japan Science & Technology Corporation
Seaman D. Margaret
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