Pesticides

Details Pesticides Pesticides

1998-01-28

2002-05-28

Levy, Neil S. (Department: 1615)

Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

Designated organic active ingredient containing

Ester doai

C424S084000, C424S405000, C424S406000, C424S407000, C424S409000, C424S410000, C424S411000, C424SDIG001, C514S359000, C514S520000, C514S521000, C514S558000, C514S560000, C514S679000, C514S739000, C514S918000, C514S919000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06395776

ABSTRACT:

The present invention relates to novel compositions for controlling harmful insects and representatives of the order Acarina, a process for the preparation of these compositions, and their use in agriculture, forestry and horticulture.
When controlling phytophagous animal pests with the aid of pesticides, one attempts to minimize contamination of the plants to be protected and their environment, including the soil in which they grow. Moreover, beneficial animals and warm-blooded species are to be adversely affected by the pesticidally active compounds as little as possible. However, in contrast, the pests to be controlled are to be exposed to the pesticidally active compounds as much as possible so that the pests can take up sufficient amounts of the active compounds by contact action, as stomach poisons or via the gas phase.
When controlling insects, the abovementioned conditions can be met for example by combining signal substances such as pheromones, kairomones or attractants, which have an attractant action on insects, with insecticidally active compounds and applying the resulting mixtures to the stand to be protected not in such a way that the entire area is covered, but only locally to sharply defined individual sites. Since the signal substances are released at the treated sites, the pests migrate to these sites, become contaminated with the pesticidally active compounds and are destroyed. This type of insect control is termed the “attract-and-kill” method.
In contrast, it is also possible to control insects with the aid of the so-called “confusion” strategy. When using this method, the amount of pheromones introduced into the plant stand to be protected is so large that the male insects are no longer capable of locating the female insects. This prevents the pests from breeding.
For the compositions used in the two control strategies to develop a sufficiently long-term action, the formulations in question must comprise the attractants in such a form that, on the one hand, they can be released in a controlled manner but, on the other hand, are protected against environmental factors such as light, oxygen and the weather.
A large number of preparations based on the above-described principles of controlling animal pests have already been disclosed. One attempts to protect the sensitive active compounds against undesirable degradation by means of a variety of measures.
For example, EP-A 0 055 475 discloses that male insects of the species Cossus cossus can be controlled with the aid of (Z)-5-dodecen-1-yl acetate, if appropriate in the form of a mixture with (Z)-3-decen-1-yl acetate, (Z)-3-dodecen-1-yl acetate and/or (E)-5-dodecen-1-yl acetate. The attractant, or the mixtures of the active components, are applied in solvents which have a low vapour pressure, such as oils or fats, or else, if appropriate, as a mixture with antioxidants and UV stabilizers in the form of an adsorbate on inert solids.
Furthermore, GB-PA 2 064 323 describes insecticides based on pheromones in which the signal :substances and UV stabilizers and additional additives such as antioxidants are fixed onto a combination of absorbing and adsorbing solids. However, the disadvantage of these preparations is their relatively poor resistance to weathering despite the stabilizing additives which they comprise and the fact that the active compounds are therefore decomposed or leached out after a relatively short time.
Furthermore, it has already been disclosed to employ combinations of attractants and insecticides for pest control in microencapsulated form or bound in water-soluble polymers (cf. JP-A 59-7101 and “Advances in Pesticide Formulation Technology” 1984, Chapter 11, pages 151-162). In the preparation of these microcapsules, a procedure is followed in which the active compounds are dissolved in an oil phase, the resulting mixture is emulsified in water and the emulsion is subsequently encapsulated. Controlled release of the attractant and, in addition, its protection against environmental factors are thereby achieved. The disadvantage of this process is, however, the complicated microencapsulation process. Moreover, the attractants are not always sufficiently stabilized against environmental factors, despite the encapsulation, because the thin capsule wall does not provide sufficient protection against photochemical degradation.
According to GB-A 2 141 932, preparations which comprise pheromones, if appropriate as a mixture with UV absorbers and other additives, in liquid or semi-liquid, liquid, water-resistant polymers which protect against UV radiation, can be used as pesticides. While the active components remain stable over a sufficiently long period in these formulations, the amount of active compound which diffuses out does not always guarantee a sufficiently high degree of efficacy.
EP-A 0 376 888 discloses that formulations which are composed mostly of one or more permanently liquid UV absorbers, besides insecticides and attractants and customary additives, and which are present in viscous form which remains permanently uncured are also suitable for controlling pests. The very high content of UV-absorbing substances protects the attractants in these formulations against photodegradation over a prolonged period. However, the use under realistic conditions causes problems since the UV absorbers are, as a rule, highly stable and are not degraded, or are degraded only very slowly. If the formulation is applied regularly over several years, it is therefore accumulated in the area under cultivation which has been treated.
Furthermore, WO 87-04 591 discloses compositions for controlling spider mites. The formulations are composed of a substrate which comprises attractants such as Nerodiol and Farnesol, furthermore insecticidally active compounds and also oils which are added in the form of emulsions. The attractants are released from these substrates in a controlled manner. However, the disadvantage is that no long-term action is achieved when using these compositions. Rather, achieving satisfactory control requires regular subsequent treatments.
J. Entomol. Sci. Vol. 25, No. 4, 581-586, (1990) describes pheromone—and insecticide—comprising preparations for controlling the cotton boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis). As an essential component, the compositions comprise cotton seed oil, which promotes feeding of the pest and therefore has a beneficial effect on the uptake of active compound. However, the fact that this vegetable oil does not contribute to stabilizing the formulation against environmental effects is unfavourable.
Finally, it has been disclosed that oils in attractant-comprising preparations can act as solvents for active compounds (cf. WO 87-04 591, EP-A 0 055 475 and “Advances in Pesticide Formulation Technology 1984, Chapter 11, pages 151 to 162). The active compounds, however, are not stabilized against undesirable degradation.
There have now been found new pesticidal compositions which comprise
at least one signal substance,
at least one UV absorber which is only sparingly miscible with water,
at least one unsaturated oil which is only sparingly miscible with water and
if appropriate, pesticidally active compounds and/or additives.
Furthermore, it has been found that compositions according to the invention can be prepared by
a) dispersing at least one signal substance, at least one UV absorber which is only sparingly miscible with water and, if appropriate, pesticidally active compounds and/or additives in at least one unsaturated oil which is only sparingly miscible with water and
b) if appropriate, emulsifying this premix in water while adding surface-active substances.
Finally, it has been found that the compositions according to the invention are highly suitable for controlling harmful insects and undesirable representatives from the order Acarina in agriculture, forestry and horticulture.
It must be considered as extremely surprising that the compositions according to the invention, which comprise a mixture of UV absorber and unsaturated oil, protect the signal substances which

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