Amplifiers – With electron beam tube amplifying device
Reexamination Certificate
2000-05-19
2002-09-10
Lee, Benny (Department: 2817)
Amplifiers
With electron beam tube amplifying device
C331S079000, C315S004000, C315S005000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06448850
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electromagnetic wave amplifier for amplifying an electromagnetic wave in one direction and an electromagnetic wave generator for generating an electromagnetic wave which are applicable in a lot of fields of electronic engineering, communication engineering, electromagnetic wave, engineering, electron device engineering, quantum electronic engineering, optical electronics, and laser engineering, etc.
2. Related Art Statement
Electronics progresses toward the object of developing technology which transmits and processes more mass information at higher speeds. To this end, in electronic technology, the technology which treats a higher frequency domain has been developed, and it has come to treat even the region of light which reaches a high frequency of 10
15
Hz as electronic engineering.
However, in the range from the microwave to the optical regions, transistors and ICs, which are the leading part of electronics, can not be used. As a result, special elements and methods are used instead, and various technical restrictions exist.
In the optical region (10
14
-10
15
Hz), the laser is used as an active device for generating and amplifying the signal, but in the laser, both the travelling signal and the retreating signal are amplified. In a word, in the laser, signal amplification does not become unidirectional (non-reversible), but becomes bilateral (reversible). The bilateral amplifying characteristic of the laser is contrasted with the unidirectional amplifying characteristic of the transistor and the electric vacuum tube, considering that the logical operation on the computer becomes possible by utilizing the unidirectional amplifying characteristic, the information processing controlling light itself cannot be achieved with the use of the laser as an active device in the optical region (10
14
-10
15
Hz).
In the microwave region (10
9
-10
11
Hz), the traveling wave tube is used as a unidirectional active device. The traveling wave tube is a unidirectional electric vacuum tube having the highest operation frequency more than the upper limit (about 1 GHz=10
9
Hz) of an operation frequency of a usual electric vacuum tube which is an unidirectional and a functional electronic device and a transistor. The travelling wave tube decreases a propagation velocity of the electromagnetic wave by using a delay transmission line made of metal. Energy will be given to the electromagnetic wave by the electron beam emitted from the electron gun, and energy loss according to the collision of the electron with a surrounding material and scattering is reduced by making the environment a vacuum condition.
The electromagnetic wave is amplified in the traveling wave tube when the speed of the electron beam and the velocity of propagation of the electromagnetic wave coincide, so that the electromagnetic wave propagating in the opposite direction is not amplified. However, the travelling wave tube cannot operate in frequency regions over
10
11
Hz at the present time, because the upper limit of the operating frequency is determined by precise technology for metal manufacturing.
The frequency band of 10
11
-10
14
Hz belongs to a region of infrared rays from a submillimeter wave, but this region is an undeveloped region with respect to electronics. In another word, neither any amplifier nor any generator (oscillator) operating with coherent (the phase is controlled) electromagnetic wave has yet been put to practical use in this frequency region. The reason for a difficult use of the above region is that this region has a frequency band with irregular phenomena such as an electron scatterings (collisions) in the material and thermal molecular motions, etc. However, technological development in the frequency region of 10
11
-10
14
Hz provides not only a technology for the solution of environmental problems of the detection of the contamination quality in the atmosphere, but also a technology which enables the transmission of extra-large capacity in an optical communication system which uses it as a carrier frequency.
There are free electron lasers and Cerenkov masers (microwave amplification by stimulated emission of light radiation) having the property of unidirectional amplification operation as devices in which generation and the amplification of an electromagnetic wave are possible from the microwave region to the optical region. The free electron laser is an optical generator capable of being oscillated in wide-ranging wave lengths, and the light receives an energy of the electron beam propagated in one direction in a vacuum by using a mechanism of operation different from other types of lasers, so that the free electron laser has a characteristic of amplifying only the light component propagated in the same direction as that of the electron beam. However, the free electron laser was developed aimed at the generation of light, so that the design of the amplifier having the above unidirectional amplifying property is not performed. In addition, in the free electron laser and the Cerenkov maser, operating voltage (excitation voltage of the electron beam) is extremely high, being 1 MV or more, and an extremely strong magnetic field is needed to give the electron beam the vibration, so that the utilization for electronics is difficult since the above laser and maser are developed aiming at a special high-energy usage.
To solve above described various problems, the present inventor has previously proposed a unidirectional optical amplifier which uses an electron beam in a solid material in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 270808/1998. In this unidirectional optical amplifier, it is theoretically shown to achieve unidirectional amplification of light (electromagnetic wave), by combining the electron beam travelling path for the electron beam emitted in the solid material and the dielectric substance delay waveguide for delaying light to be amplified.
Moreover, to solve the above described various problems, the present inventor has previously proposed an electric vacuum tube type unidirectional optical amplifier which uses an electron beam emitted in a vacuum in Japanese Patent Application No. 293819/1997. In this electric vacuum tube type unidirectional optical amplifier, by using a pair of mirrors having wave shaped form arranged in a vacuum and for forming a delay waveguide of light, and by utilizing the energy received from the electron beam emitted from the electron emitting section, it is theoretically shown to achieve unidirectional amplification of light (electromagnetic wave) by constituting an optical amplifying section which amplifies input light in one direction.
In addition, to solving the above described various problems, the present inventor has previously proposed a unidirectional optical amplifier which uses an electron beam emitted in a vacuum in Japanese Patent Application No. 231251/1998. In this unidirectional optical amplifier, it is theoretically shown to achieve unidirectional amplification of light (electromagnetic wave), by combining the electron beam travelling path for the electron beam emitted in the vacuum and a dielectric waveguide for delaying light to be amplified.
In the unidirectional optical amplifier of the prior application (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 270808/1998) of the present inventor, an electron cannot travel when the acceleration voltage exceeds 2.5V in the case of constituting the electron beam travelling path with, for example, ZnSe, so that the acceleration voltage of the electron beam cannot be increased, and the spatial phase change in the electromagnetic field becomes extremely imperceptible, and thus the manufacture of the delay waveguide would need an accuracy on the order of ten nm. In the electric vacuum tube type unidirectional optical amplifier of the above prior application (Japanese Patent Application No. 293819/1997) of the present inventor, a mirror having a wave shaped surface would need to be manufactured with an accur
Gluck Jeffrey W.
Kanazawa University
Lee Benny
Sartori Michael A.
Venable
LandOfFree
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