Catalyst – solid sorbent – or support therefor: product or process – Regenerating or rehabilitating catalyst or sorbent – Treating with a liquid or treating in a liquid phase,...
Patent
1999-07-28
2000-12-19
Griffin, Steven P.
Catalyst, solid sorbent, or support therefor: product or process
Regenerating or rehabilitating catalyst or sorbent
Treating with a liquid or treating in a liquid phase,...
502 25, 502 33, 502 34, 502 53, B01J 2034, B01J 3864, B01J 3868
Patent
active
061627534
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Amidocarbonylation is, for the purposes of the present invention, the carbonylation of carboxamides in the presence of aldehydes and carbon monoxide or synthesis gas to give N-acyl-alpha-amino acid derivatives. This reaction is carried out in the presence of cobalt carbonyl compounds as homogeneous catalysts. The use of fatty acid amides as amide components and formaldehyde as aldehyde components makes it possible to employ this process to access the class of N-acylsarcosines which are used industrially as surfactants, soaps and emulsifiers.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART
A significant part of such a preparative process is the development of a catalyst circuit, i.e. a process for separating the catalyst used which is dissolved in the reaction medium from the product prepared, its reprocessing and return to the preparative process.
For cost reasons and to avoid environmental pollution by cobalt compounds, a recovery process which is as complete as possible and at the same time simple and inexpensive is required for the cobalt carbonyl catalyst used.
Processes for recovering cobalt catalysts have already been described for various reactions.
The Japanese first publications 54-112816 and 58-198441 disclose processes for preparing dialkyl malonates by esterification of alkylmono-haloacetic acid with a lower aliphatic alcohol and carbon monoxide in the presence of a cobalt carbonyl catalyst and a basic compound. Subsequent to this esterification, the catalyst is decomposed into a divalent water-soluble cobalt salt by addition of an aqueous solution of an inorganic acid, e.g. sulfuric acid, or by addition of sulfuric acid and oxygen. The aqueous phase thus obtained is separated from the organic phase and the water-soluble cobalt salt is precipitated from it as water-insoluble cobalt hydroxide by addition of alkali metal hydroxide, e.g. sodium hydroxide. After washing, the cobalt hydroxide is finally converted into the corresponding cobalt carbonyl compound by treatment with carbon monoxide or carbon monoxide/hydrogen in the presence of an organic solvent, e.g. an aromatic hydrocarbon or an alcohol suitable for the esterification. The cobalt carbonyl catalyst obtained in this way is reused for the esterification.
The Japanese first publication 57-183749 describes a process for preparing .alpha.-amino-.beta.-hydroxybutanoic acid in which, in a carbonylation step which takes place first, epichlorohydrin, carbon monoxide, a basic compound and an alcohol are reacted to give .alpha.-amino-.beta.-hydroxybutanoic acid. In the next process step, the cobalt carbonyl catalyst is decomposed by addition of mineral acid, e.g. sulfuric acid, and oxygen to the reaction solution obtained in the previous process step to form a divalent water-soluble cobalt salt. The alcohol present in the reaction solution is then removed and water is subsequently added to form a two-phase system which is separated into an aqueous phase containing the water-soluble cobalt salt and an organic phase containing .alpha.-amino-.beta.-hydroxybutanoic acid. The recovery of the cobalt carbonyl catalyst is carried out by addition of alkali metal hydroxide to the aqueous phase. The cobalt hydroxide precipitate formed is filtered off, washed and subsequently dewatered. Subsequent reaction of the cobalt hydroxide with carbon monoxide and hydrogen gives the cobalt carbonyl catalyst back again.
EP-A-0 343 042 relates to a process for preparing dialkyl malonates by carbonylation of alkyl chloroacetates in the presence of a cobalt carbonyl catalyst. The recovery of the cobalt carbonyl catalyst used is carried out in a plurality of process steps, with a water-soluble cobalt salt first being produced by addition of acid. In the next process step, this cobalt salt is converted into the salt of a fatty acid, e.g. oleic acid, palmitic acid or stearic acid. The desired cobalt carbonyl catalyst is obtained from this fatty acid salt by reaction with carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
A process for recovering cobalt carbonyl catalysts used in t
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Bogdanovic Sandra
Geissler Holger
Gross Peter
Aventis Research & Technologies GmbH & Co KG
Griffin Steven P.
Ildebrando Christina
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