Compositions: coating or plastic – Coating or plastic compositions – Wax containing
Patent
1997-01-27
1998-09-01
Brunsman, David
Compositions: coating or plastic
Coating or plastic compositions
Wax containing
204167, 585 9, 585923, C08L 9106, C08L 9108
Patent
active
058006044
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
Waxes are known. For the purposes of the invention, waxes are organic materials which at about 20.degree. C. are generally kneadable, solid to brittle-hard, translucent, opaque and/or polishable and which are converted above 40.degree. C. into a relatively low-viscosity melt. Waxes which consist predominantly of esters of higher fatty acids, for example palmitic acid, and higher alcohols, for example cetyl alcohol, myricyl alcohol, naturally occurring mineral waxes, paraffin waxes (solid alkanes), polyolefin waxes, montan waxes (esters of montanic acid), further synthetic waxes, for example esters derived, for example, from polyethylene, chlorinated hydrocarbons and others and other natural waxes, for example esters of higher monohydric alkanols and higher monobasic carboxylic acids.
It is known that these waxes can be used, for example, for coating and impregnating various materials, for example paper, wood, leather, etc., and for producing primarily aqueous, environmentally-friendly surface coating systems, for electrical insulation, etc. In a number of these applications, the waxes are processed in the form of dispersions, emulsions and solutions, so that the dispersibility, emulsifiability and solubility of the waxes is a very important processing parameter.
Furthermore, waxes are used as auxiliaries in plastics processing or as starting materials for producing surfactants, plasticizers, soaps and detergents. Here, it is known that only special waxes can be used for certain application areas among those mentioned by way of example, these special waxes having to be prepared either by chemical modification of the waxes mentioned or by a complicated and therefore expensive special synthesis. A disadvantage here is that in the known processes for the chemical modification or special syntheses, different processes have to be employed for the modification or synthesis depending on the type of wax used and on the desired field of application. Thus, a separate plant technology is necessary in each case for producing particular waxes directed at a concrete application, and this makes the special waxes obtained considerably more expensive.
A further significant disadvantage of a number of the known modification processes is that often toxic and/or aggressive starting materials, for example SO.sub.2 and Cl.sub.2 in sulfochlorination, HNO.sub.3 in nitration, are required and/or toxic and aggressive reaction products, for example HCl in sulfochlorination, are formed. Thus, in addition to the complicated production process, a comprehensive protective mechanism for protecting the environment from the toxic and/or aggressive materials is necessary.
It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a wax which is simple and inexpensive to prepare and whose properties can be chemically modified in a simple, flexibly adaptable, inexpensive and environmentally friendly way.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by subjecting known untreated waxes to a low-temperature plasma treatment in a frequency range from preferably 10 kHz to 10 GHz. For the purposes of the present invention, low-temperature plasma treatment means that the material to be treated is itself not heated above a certain temperature range, for example from 40.degree. to 60.degree. C. It has surprisingly been found that the waxes thus treated have an increased wettability, an improved dispersibility, emulsifiability and solubility and also an improved reactivity toward a wide variety of materials. This enables, on the one hand, the waxes of the invention to be used in the known fields of application without each individual application necessitating a specific modification to give special waxes or special syntheses directed only at this application. One and the same treatment of the waxes enables, merely by varying the process parameters during the low-temperature plasma treatment, the waxes to be optimally matched to different fields of application, i.e. matched to the chemical properties required of the waxes for these fields of applicatio
Arplas Gesellschaft Fur Plasmatechnologie mbH
Brunsman David
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