Cryptography – Electric signal masking
Reexamination Certificate
2000-01-13
2001-12-11
Hayes, Gail (Department: 2132)
Cryptography
Electric signal masking
C380S253000, C380S254000, C713S176000, C713S190000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06330335
ABSTRACT:
REFERENCE TO COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING
The file of this patent application includes duplicate copies of a compact disc with a file entitled “482752code.txt”, created on May 29, 2001, and having a size of 92,054 bytes (92,160 bytes on disc), which is hereby incorporated by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to audio processing, and more particularly relates to the processing of such signals to embed auxiliary data (e.g. identification or control data therein), and the subsequent extraction and use of such data.
BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The copying and redistribution of audio productions has long been a cause of lost revenues to the creators/producers of such material. The advance of technology has not only expanded the means of legitimate distribution for visual/video works, but has also made it easier to copy these materials for unauthorized purposes.
Various methods have been developed to eliminate or limit both sophisticated and unsophisticated illegitimate distribution. Some of these methods rely on physical means. Others employ a “don't copy” signal to disable a machine's recording function.
In accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention, a multi-bit control message (sometimes termed a “digital watermark”) is embedded directly into the audio signal, or the brightness levels of a still image. Hardware or software systems can then read this control message and, for example, disable recording functions if so instructed.
Key practical issues are addressed whereby the perceptual impact of this added message can be adjusted—both overall and as a function of the underlying content. For example, a blank video sequence ought in general to have minimal visible effects, whereas active motion scenes with various areas of high detail can generally tolerate more visual energy in a watermark.
Methods are further detailed whereby the embedded message can survive lossy compression processes.
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Darrow Justin T.
Digimarc Corporation
Hayes Gail
Meyer Joel R.
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