Telecommunications – Radiotelephone system – Zoned or cellular telephone system
Reexamination Certificate
1998-08-06
2001-12-11
Trost, William (Department: 2683)
Telecommunications
Radiotelephone system
Zoned or cellular telephone system
C455S524000, C455S067700, C342S457000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06330452
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to location finding and tracking of Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPs) Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) Cellular Telephones (CTs) using a network-based Wireless Location System (WLS). FDMA is a multiple access technique used in some standards worldwide such as in AMPs which is the North American standard for analog CTs. Other standards exist such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). A unique feature in FDMA (which the patent takes advantage of) is the continuous transmission of information over one frequency band (e.g. during “conversation” mode or during “waiting for answer” mode) as long as no hand-offs, call termination nor call drop take place. A network-based WLS is important since it can be passive, and is able to locate existing CTs without modification to the CTs or to the cellular antenna infrastructure.
The need for wireless location finding and tracking of CTs is ever increasing. Some of the possible services for locating CTs are:
1. Enhanced Emergency Services:
In recent years pressure has been mounting for the development of technology to position CTs. The primary driving force has been enhanced 911 (E911) services for wireless telephone subscribers. E911 services provide the 911 operator with information such as calling number, street address, and the primary subscriber's name. A rule concerning E911 emergency calling systems was released by the FCC in October, 1996 (CC Docket No. 94-102) and clarified in December 1997. In the document, the FCC requires that by October 2001, a wireless 911 caller be located with a horizontal accuracy of 125 meters RMS (Root Mean Square).
2. Tracking of Fraudulent Calls.
3. Tracking of Stolen Vehicles:
Conventionally, to track stolen vehicles requires installing an RF tag such as in Bird, U.S. Pat. No. 5,418,537 issued May, 23, 1995, leaving it permanently on in each vehicle to be tracked and a new infrastructure for the MSs throughout the desired service area. An alternative solution is to use existing CTs instead to take advantage of the existing cellular coverage and the broad availability of inexpensive CTs.
4. Fleet Management for Courier and Transportation Businesses:
Once again, to manage a fleet requires installing an RF tag such as in Song, U.S. Pat. No. 5,208,756 issued May, 4, 1993, and Sheffer et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,218,367 issued Jun. 8, 1993. Instead, existing CTs can be used to take advantage of the existing cellular coverage and the broad availability of inexpensive CTs.
5. Pursuit of Criminals who use a CT During a Crime.
In this case, it is important for the WLS to be passive. This is possible in a network-based WLS.
6. Location-sensitive Billing.
Without loss of generality, we will adopt throughout this document an AMPs-based Cellular Telephone as an example for the CT to be located. Such a choice for an FDMA CT does not preclude any other FDMA standards and in most cases does not preclude other standards such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). In this patent, Cellular Telephones include PCS (Personal Communication Systems) telephones, cordless telephones and radio tags that do not contain the audio portion of the telephone. Prior art for locating AMPs-based CTs is well documented in Smith, W. W. Jr., “Passive Location of Mobile Cellular Telephone Terminals,” Proceedings 25th Annual IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Oct. 1-3, 1991.
Without loss of generality, we will assume throughout this document that the intention of the WLS is to estimate the horizontal position of the CT as well as its horizontal velocity. In case both the vertical and the horizontal position of a CT are to be estimated, an extra independent equation is required in addition to the minimum number required for horizontal positioning.
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Borsodi Andrew
Fattouche Michel
Klukas Richard
Cell-Loc Inc.
Christensen O'Connor Johnson & Kindness PLLC
Perez-Gutierrez Rafael
Trost William
LandOfFree
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