Pumps – Motor driven – Electric or magnetic motor
Reexamination Certificate
1999-02-11
2001-11-27
Freay, Charles G. (Department: 3746)
Pumps
Motor driven
Electric or magnetic motor
C418S150000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06322334
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a rotary piston system, engine, or pump having a piston which moves inside a housing and in doing so enlarges and reduces an enclosed space. (
Meyers Grosses Taschenlexikon
, 5th Edition, 1995, Volume 19, page 7). A rolling piston engine with a discus-shaped plunger disk is disclosed in DE 588 285 C.
In this invention the term “rotation” is understood to mean that reciprocating oscillating movements are possible, i.e., that no complete rotations are performed in succession, but, for example, oscillating movements as well.
The rotary piston system described in what follows differs from state-of-the-art designs in its use of fewer parts (piston and rotary cylinder) and in its rotation about its center of mass (with no eccentricity). This results in high efficiency and permits simple and accordingly cost-effective designs. As is the case with other piston engines, it does so without valves.
Generally speaking, piston engines are based on the principle that a piston that is movable relative to a jacket increases or reduces an enclosed volume. The piston is assigned the function of restricting this volume as closely as possible. It can be shown that simple rotation of a piston about an axis results in rotation-symmetrical configurations and causes no changes in volume in any chambers present. An innovative step is represented by the Wankel engine, in which gearing causes oscillation of the piston in a special enveloping form to bring about change in volume in the chambers. The piston of the Wankel engine does not, however, rotate about the center of mass.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one embodiment of the present invention, it is possible for a change in volume to occur during simultaneous rotation about the center of mass of the piston. Specifically, through simultaneous rotation of the piston of the invention about two axes, non-symmetrical rotational configurations are achieved, which are a prerequisite for the formation of varying piston chamber volumes. It is also possible for a change in volume to occur during simultaneous rotation of the piston about two axes through appropriate selection of the shape of the rotary piston and of the enveloping shape of the housing (“cylinder”), and by finding a suitable function which links the rotation of the two axes.
The initial shape of a preferred embodiment of the rotary piston claimed for the invention is the oloid discovered by Paul Schatz (CH 500 000 C5). The oloid is a body which is formed by developable ruled surfaces. Its formation may be compared to intersection of two beer mug coasters at the midpoint of each and intersecting at 90° to one another so that the coasters form a cross. The circumference of one coaster passes through the center of the other coaster. If this configuration is placed on a level surface, such as a table, each of the two coasters touches the surface at one point. This applies to any possible position of the two coasters. The connecting line between the bearing points is the envelope line of the oloid (see FIG.
1
).
In addition to its aesthetic aspect, the oloid has certain symmetrical properties which are of interest in the context of the invention. If the oloid is rotated 90° about its horizontal axis, it assumes a position which corresponds to being rotated 180° about the vertical axis.
If the oloid is rotated simultaneously about the horizontal axis (90°) and the vertical axis (180°), it returns to its initial position (See
FIGS. 1
,
2
,
10
,
14
). If the shape of the envelope defined by this movement is observed, a configuration which is not rotationally symmetrical is seen to emerge, one which is divided into approximately two chambers by the oloid. These two chambers migrate during rotation with the oloid about the vertical axis and are of the same size only in the “normal position”. One chamber is compressed as the other expands. The maximum is situated at 90° about the vertical axis and 45° about the horizontal axis. Two cycles of compression and expansion take place during each complete rotation about the vertical axis of the oloid.
The shape enveloping the oloid must be selected so that the two rotating chambers are separated by the piston. In addition, the rotation of the oloid about the horizontal axis is to be imposed on the oloid by the envelope. For this purpose, one should again visualize the shape of the envelope which arises when the oloid is rotated 180° about the vertical axis and at the same time 90° about the horizontal axis. A change in the direction of rotation about the horizontal axis results in an envelope of a different shape. If the situation is analyzed more thoroughly, it is found that, if the direction of rotation about the horizontal axis is continued, the “first” 180-degree rotation about the vertical axis describes an envelope shape different from that described by the “second” rotation. Thus, imposition of movement of the oloid about the horizontal axis is not possible in this way. That is, there is no complete rotation about the horizontal axis; the oloid rather oscillates between 0° and 90° about the horizontal axis (see FIGS.
2
and
3
).
If the requirement is made that the envelope is always to be divided into two chambers by the oloid, the section through the oloid and the envelope must be identical at least in the normal position. If the oloid is rotated in its envelope, this section should not change. Such is not the case, however. Note the shaded areas of FIG.
3
. The shape of the envelope depends on the shape of the oloid and a function &bgr; (FIG.
4
). In the process of the invention, parts of the envelope are generated by the circular edges of the oloid and parts by the jacket lines. Problem zones arise in this case around the vertical axis and the pointed end of the section (shaded areas FIG.
3
). The problem zones in the area of the vertical axis can be reduced or eliminated by extending the generating circles of the oloid (aperture angle 45°) and, in addition, by creating a sphere around the center which encloses the problem areas. (FIG.
3
).
The sphere and its shell, as part of the envelope, ensure separation of the two chambers in the area around the vertical axis. The area at the pointed end of the section still remains. If separation of the chambers in the vicinity around the base position is to take place here, the envelope generated by the circular edges must be identical in a small area to the envelope parts generated by the jacket lines. It can be demonstrated for the other part of the jacket that hermetic separation exists between the chambers.
Unlike the situation in conventional engines, mechanical coupling to the rotary movement of the rotary piston cannot be accomplished by simple means. When the engine as described is used as a suction pump, for example, the option is available of designing the rotary piston as the armature (
60
) of an electric motor, as shown in
FIG. 9
, and of providing the envelope with a suitable winding (
12
). An expansion chamber
50
and a compression chamber
55
are defined by the piston armature
60
, as shown in FIG.
5
. An intake
57
and an outlet
55
are located opposite one another perpendicular to the XZ plane, a plane of symmetry through the envelope. There would then be a pump with only one moving part. Aside from frictional losses, no losses arise, ones due to mass deflection, for example, since the energy of oscillation for oscillation about the horizontal axis is taken from the movement about the vertical axis and also delivered back to it. The piston thus executes a pulsating movement.
The piston on which the preferred embodiment of the invention is based is not identical to the form found by Paul Schatz. It does, however, possess the symmetrical properties of the form found by Paul Schatz. Modifications in the form of the piston are to be found in the spacing of the generating circles, the alternative penetration by a sphere in the center, and a (slight) deformation of the oloid jacket. Other modifications are conceivable, such as rep
Freay Charles G.
Shannon John P.
Venable
Weierstall Eric J.
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