Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting – deodorizing – preser – Process disinfecting – preserving – deodorizing – or sterilizing – Using disinfecting or sterilizing substance
Reexamination Certificate
1998-08-27
2001-07-03
Thornton, Krisanne (Department: 1744)
Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting, deodorizing, preser
Process disinfecting, preserving, deodorizing, or sterilizing
Using disinfecting or sterilizing substance
C422S006000, C422S037000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06254824
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a method for controlling
Myxobolus cerebralis,
more particularly the invention relates to the application of a solution onto articles carrying
Myxobolus cerebralis
in order to neutralize the
Myxobolus cerebralis
carried thereon. Even more particularly, this invention is directed toward the application of a solution containing a quaternary ammonium compound on articles, such as fishing equipment and accessories, to prevent the spread of
Myxobolus cerebralis
in cold water fisheries.
2. Summary of Related Art
Myxobolus cerebralis
is known to cause whirling disease in salmonids in North American waterways as well as in other cold water fisheries around the world. The spread of whirling disease poses a significant threat to the species and to sport fishing in general. In particular, certain salmonids, such as rainbow trout, are especially susceptible to the disease.
Whirling disease is a descriptive term which indicates the effect of a parasitic microorganism,
Myxobolus cerebralis,
on immature salmonids.
Myxobolus cerebralis
may also be generally referred to as
Myxosoma cerebralis.
For purposes of this invention the terms are intended to mean the same or similar microorganism.
The spores of
Myxobolus cerebralis
infect the salmonids through the skin of the fish. The parasite effects the growth of the fish by attacking their nervous system. The symptoms include the blackening of the tails of the infected fish as well as a whirling behavior or whirling movements. Additionally, the heads and spine of the fish infected with the parasite can develop improperly and result an unnatural curvature in the body of the fish. The salmonid is then unable to swim properly to survive.
Myxobolus cerebralis
spores can be found on underwater objects and in the mud and silt along waterways.
Myxobolus cerebralis
is known to take on two different forms. One form is found in water systems and is generally eaten by aquatic worms (
Tubifex tubifex
). A second form, is apparently released by the aquatic worms where it infects the salmonids. The second form may also be introduced to the salmonids through ingestion of the worms.
The spores of the
Myxobolus cerebralis
can be carried away from a contaminated waterway on the exposed surface of objects present in the water such as boots, waders, and other fishing equipment. It is possible for the spores to survive on the contaminated equipment for an extended period of time under proper conditions. Some studies have indicated that
Myxobolus cerebralis
remains viable in the dried mud for several years. The continued use of the contaminated equipment could cause the additional spread of
Myxobolus cerebralis
in other uncontaminated waterways. Therefore, it is desirable to clean and disinfect the contaminated equipment in order to prevent the further spread of
Myxobolus cerebralis.
Disinfectants, antimicrobials, and germicides are generally recognized in the art to clean surfaces in various commercial, residential and institutional applications. However, the development and use of an effective solution to prevent the transportation of spores of
Myxobolus cerebralis
on articles exposed to the microorganism has not been recognized in the art.
Thus, it would be an advantage to provide a method for controlling the spread of
Myxobolus cerebralis
in waterways. The contamination of the waterways can be attributed to the carrying and transportation of the spores of the parasitic microorganism on articles that have been in contact with the spores in contaminated waterways and fisheries.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for controlling the spread of
Myxobolus cerebralis
in waterways. The present inventive method utilizes a solution that can be applied onto contaminated articles to neutralize spores of
Myxobolus cerebralis.
The method of the present invention includes the application of a solution onto articles containing a quaternary ammonium compound as an active ingredient. The quaternary ammonium compound is effective in neutralizing, or killing, the spores of
Myxobolus cerebralis
that are located on the article.
The quaternary ammonium compound is preferably selected from the group consisting of alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and tetradecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride. The compounds are preferably included in amount greater than 800 ppm.
It is desirable, through the practice of the present inventive method, to control the spread of
Myxobolus cerebralis
by applying a solution containing an active quaternary ammonium compound onto articles carrying
Myxobolus cerebralis
in order to destroy the parasitic microorganism carried thereon.
REFERENCES:
patent: 4933341 (1990-06-01), Lindner et al.
patent: 5320805 (1994-06-01), Kramer et al.
patent: 5424323 (1995-06-01), Wachman et al.
Marshall & Melhorn LLC
Scott Fly Rod Company
Thornton Krisanne
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