Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Antigen – epitope – or other immunospecific immunoeffector – Conjugate or complex
Patent
1997-03-18
2000-05-16
Weddington, Kevin E.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Antigen, epitope, or other immunospecific immunoeffector
Conjugate or complex
514627, 514858, A61K 3578, A61K 3116
Patent
active
060633816
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to a new class of general antiinfective compounds obtainable from plant species of the pepper, and ginger families, and chemically related species that are also useful in the treatment of tissue injury, and skin disorders.
BACKGROUND ART
There is a wide array of microorganisms that are pathogenic to man, and other organisms. Pathogenic bacteria, viruses, rickettsia, and fungi may cause disease in their host organism whether plant, animal, or man.
Fungal diseases of man and animals, often referred to as mycoses, may be classified into two broad categories. Deep tissue, or systemic mycoses involves the wide dissemination of pathogenic fungi growing in internal organs, and tissue, and superficial mycoses, which generally represent different types of pathogenic fungi than those that infect the skin, hair, nails and mucosa.
Deep tissue mycoses including aspergillosis, actinomycosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, nocardiosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, entomophthoromycosis and occasionally candida, may infect the lungs, brain, bones, spinal fluid, liver, heart, kidneys, and other internal organs, as well as the skin. Depending on severity, deep tissue mycoses may cause illness that ranges from asymptomatic to life threatening.
Superficial mycoses, also called dermatophytosis, describe disorders such as ringworm, athlete's foot, favus and candida, which infect the skin, hair, nails and mucosal linings. There are perhaps three dozen or so known species of pathogenic fungi, and yeasts responsible for causing these diseases.
The National Health Survey of 1971-1974 projected from its sampling that about one out of every twelve people in the United States had some form of dermatophytosis, with men being four times more likely than women to contract infections.
Surveys of other nations reveal a much higher incidence of superficial mycotic diseases, among the poor, and underdeveloped countries of Africa, Asia, South America, and those areas of the world having tropical climates.
Tinea is another term used to describe ringworm. It is usually followed by another term which describes the particular location of the infection. Hence, athletes foot is often referred to as "tinea pedis". Scalp ringworm is also known as "tinea capitis"; body ringworm as "tinea corporis", jock itch as "tinea cruris" etc. Though not considered to be life threatening, as some deep tissues mycoses can be, superficial mycoses assuredly take a fair toll of man and animals in misery, inconvenience, and expense.
Though not classified as a serious illness by the medical profession, this does not necessarily reflect the view point of those sufferers of superficial fungal infections. On a personal level, an athlete whose performance on the playing field is diminished because of painful cuts on the feet due to an athlete's foot infection, may consider it to be a serious illness.
A young woman who develops bald patches on her scalp due to ringworm may feel that she has a serious illness. It is also likely that she may feel the same about a ringworm infection of the fingernails, where the nails assume a horrible, unsightly appearance as a result of thickening, brittleness and discoloration typical of the disease. Add to this a year and a half of systemic treatment to see results, and she may feel that she indeed has a very serious illness.
Do people who are unemployed, low income, or without medical coverage consider an illness, that in addition to causing discomfort, can cost them several hundred dollars a year in treatments, and still not be cured? Do ranchers think of ringworm as a serious disease, when the feed lots, who are paying high prices for livestock, refuse their herd because of ringworm? I think the answer is a resounding "yes!."
Antibiotic drugs such as penicillin, tetracycline, and sulfa ect., though often effective in the treatment of bacterial infections, are useless against infections caused by viruses, rickettsia, and fungi. Fungal disorders, for example require tr
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