Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Preparations characterized by special physical form – Cosmetic – antiperspirant – dentifrice
Reexamination Certificate
2000-11-30
2001-09-18
Dodson, Shelley A. (Department: 1616)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Preparations characterized by special physical form
Cosmetic, antiperspirant, dentifrice
C106S031010, C106S031240, C106S031360, C106S031680, C106S038230, C424S070100, C424S070200, C424S070130, C424S070600, C424S488000, C426S531000, C426S658000, C512S001000, C514S777000, C514S844000, C514S944000, C514S945000, C536S123100
Reexamination Certificate
active
06290978
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to Arabinogalactan (AG) and in particular the present invention relates to Arabinogalactan derivatives and compositions including the same.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Polymers, whether naturally occurring or synthetic, are generally included in personal care products, including hairsprays, shampoos, hair conditioners, skin creams, skin lotions, cosmetic products, antiperspirants, deodorants, shaving creams, topic drug compositions, sunscreen products, and the like, because of their rheological, holding, and film-forming properties.
Derivatives of naturally occurring polymers can provide chemical and physical properties that differ from the naturally occurring polymer. For example, cellulose and guar derivatives have been derived from chemical reaction with a variety of compounds, including ethylene or propylene oxide, sodium monochloroacetate, and quaternary reagents. Some of these derivatives produce substances that are solvent compatible, have greater clarity in solution as compared with the non-derivatized form, hydrate faster and have greater temperature stability. As a result these derivatives have improved use for liquid formulations. For example, cationic starch derivatives are important in the paper industry as wet-end additives where they act to increase dry strength. The chemical properties of the derivatives depend upon the base material being derivatized and upon the derivatizing reagent with which they are reacted. Derivatization with a cationic reagent can lend charge to a base polymer, providing the efficacy in the application that would otherwise be absent, e.g. cationic groups improve adhesion to polar substrates. Derivatization with a cationic reagent generally involves the use of either water-based or solvent-based, hydroxide catalyzed reactions, as described in the technical literature available from the suppliers of such reagents.
Quaternary ammonium (also referred to as “quaternized”) derivatives of a number of commercially available polymers are known in the personal care industry to enhance substantivity (i.e., cling and resistance to removal upon rinsing with water) to anionic sites within hair or skin. Quaternized derivatives of cellulose, guar, and starch, for example, can be found in many personal care products.
The degree of substitution (D.S.), of derivatized polysaccharide polymers generally ranges from 0.05 to 0.25. The mode of reaction for polysaccharide polymers is typically through the hydroxyl groups associated with the sugar rings on the polysaccharide polymers. In one example, derivatization of polysaccharide polymers with ethylene or propylene oxide is catalyzed by a base hydroxide to yield polymer derivatives with a substitution level of one to fifty percent by weight of ethylene or propylene oxide. Ethylene or propylene oxide derivatized polysaccharide polymers have been used in the personal care area. In another example, double derivatives of starch, cellulose or guar can also be prepared, for example, using a quaternary amine.
In the industrial arena, hydroxypropyl cellulose and/or guar have been used as viscosifying agents for oil well drilling, oil well stimulation, fire fighting, textiles, paints and other applications. Derivatization of sugar containing polymers with sodium monochloroacetate (for example, to produce carboxy-methyl derivatives) yields anionic polymers that are also useful in industrial applications. For cxaiiplc thcsc derivatives function as wet strength additives in papermaking or in textile sizing. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose has also been used in the cosmetic and personal care industries.
Typically, a derivatized polysaccharide polymer can also function as a viscosifying agent. Very low concentrations of any of the above derivatives can impart a high viscosity to a solution to which the derivatives are added. This is particularly true for solutions have some starting measurable viscosity. As a result of the added viscosity imparted by the derivatized polysaccharide polymer there is generally a low upper limit to the amount of derivatized polysaccharide polymer that can be added to these solutions. In addition, derivatized polysaccharide (including sugar and starch polymers) are typically salt and pH sensitive. Therefore, solutions containing these polymers are stable over limited salt concentration ranges and over narrow pH ranges. In addition, the derivatized polymers are often shear sensitive and generally non-Newtonian in that their apparent viscosity is lower with increased shear. When these polysaccharide polymers are added to an existing composition, the rheology of the composition typically increases and the solution also becomes shear sensitive. Adding functionality (i.e., substantivity, solvent compatability, pH compatability, or the like) through the addition of a derivatized polymer, therefore, typically has a potential negative rheological effect upon the entire composition.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
There remains a need for polymer additives in the personal care and industrial markets that can impart functionality (that is, a functional benefit to the polymer such as, but not limited to, substantivity, solvent comparability, salt comparability, Newtonian rheology, non-pseudoplastic behavior, pH compatability, compatability with other additives, lowering irritation to skin, shear thinning, pourability, and the like) without imparting negative rheological affects to the composition. The addition of a polymer to a composition without increasing the viscosity of the product, inducing salt and pH incompatibilities, or causing the system to become shear sensitive or unstable with time, would be of benefit beyond polymers that are currently available. This is true whether the properties being sought are characteristic of the specific polymer being added, characteristic of hydrocolloids in general, or characteristic of the functional group derivatized with the polymer.
For example, in the hair care area, there is a continuing need for hair manageability and style retention. Many styling enhancing aids, including certain shampoo formulations, certain conditioning formulations, gels, mousses, and hair holding sprays, typically include a derivatized polymer, generally a quaternized polymer, or gum for coating the hair fibers and/or bonding them together. Some of these styling aids require additional application steps and time once styling is completed and, thus, can be inconvenient for the user. Some of these styling aids may deliver style enhancement in the form of a “rinse-off” product, such as a shampoo and/or conditioner. However, rinse-off products typically require styling agents that are substantive to the hair and are not readily removed during rinsing. For example, a conventional styling enhancing polymer used in rinse-off products resists removal as the result of water rinsing by bonding to anionic sites within the hair. Such materials may cause a build-up of a visible residue on the hair with repeated usage that can difficult to remove with conventional shampooing.
This invention provides polymer compositions that have little or no negative impact upon the personal care or industrial product properties while delivering the desired functional performance aspects.
As used herein, the term “Arabinogalactan,” unless otherwise specified, includes naturally occurring or synthetic Arabinogalactan, portions of Arabinogalactan, such as degradation products, and chemically or biochemically modified Arabinogalactan or portions thereof which have been modified using methods available in the art.
As used herein, “ultrarefined Arabinogalactan” refers to Arabinogalactan, preferably isolated from a plant source such as trees of the genus Larix, with a purity greater than 95%.
As used herein, “derivatized” or a “derivative” of Arabinogalactan refers to a product of a chemical reaction between Arabinogalactan and a derivatizing reagent resulting in the attachment of at least one chemical moiety on the Arabinogalactan, preferably by attaching to a reactive site o
Finney Michael Lynn
Lamb Richard Dale
Mak Chew-Hung
Westman Morton A.
Dodson Shelley A.
Larex, Inc.
Mueting Raasch & Gebhardt, P.A.
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