Communications: directive radio wave systems and devices (e.g. – Directive – Including antenna pattern plotting
Reexamination Certificate
1999-11-09
2001-09-25
Tarcza, Thomas H. (Department: 3662)
Communications: directive radio wave systems and devices (e.g.,
Directive
Including antenna pattern plotting
Reexamination Certificate
active
06295025
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the field of communications, and more particularly to a system for measuring and displaying three-dimensional characteristics of electromagnetic waves.
Presently, an electromagnetic (EM) wave can be received by a dipole antenna and the resulting electrical signal representing the EM wave can be displayed using test equipment, such as an oscilloscope or a spectrum analyzer. The oscilloscope can provide a display of the amplitude of the received EM wave as a function oftime, while the spectrum analyzer can provide a display of the spectral content of the wave (i.e., amplitude of the wave as a function of frequency). However, it is possible to generate three-dimensional EM waves, for example, as described in the copending application. Moreover, using a single dipole (or other conventional antenna) and conventional test equipment to measure and display such a three-dimensional EM wave can result in a loss of EM wave information (e.g., a loss of spatial information) and/or provide an inaccurate display of the EM wave.
As a result, there is a need for equipment that more effectively measures and displays three-dimensional characteristics of EM waves.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the embodiments of the present invention, measurement systems are provided which measure and display various three-dimensional characteristics of an EM wave.
A measurement system includes a receiver system and a display system. The receiver system receives one or more electromagnetic (EM) waves each having a carrier frequency and a rotation frequency. The receiver system determines an amplitude for each EM wave. The display system displays the amplitude for each EM wave as a function of carrier frequency and rotation frequency. Another measurement system measures and displays the angular position or orientation and amplitude of the E field of a received EM wave as a function of time.
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patent: 4739330 (1988-04-01), Lazarus
patent: 4860014 (1989-08-01), Shores et al.
patent: 4958161 (1990-09-01), Allezard
patent: 6161018 (2000-12-01), Reed et al.
Preliminary measurement results from an adaptive antenna array testbed for GSM/UMTS, Mogensen, P.E.; Pedersen, K.I.; Leth-Espensen, P.; Fleury, B.; Frederiksen, F.; Olesen, K.; Larsen, S.L., IEEE 47th Vehicular Technology Conference, , vol.: 3, pp. 1592-1596, Mar. 1997.
Kenyon & Kenyon
Mull Fred H.
Smith Technologies Development, LLC
Tarcza Thomas H.
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