Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Process of utilizing an enzyme or micro-organism to destroy... – Resolution of optical isomers or purification of organic...
Reexamination Certificate
1999-01-15
2001-01-30
Redding, David A. (Department: 1744)
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Process of utilizing an enzyme or micro-organism to destroy...
Resolution of optical isomers or purification of organic...
C435S280000, C435S283100, C435S289100, C435S293200
Reexamination Certificate
active
06180394
ABSTRACT:
The present invention relates to a method-of carrying out in a chamber for treatment a treatment in two, non-gaseous phases, wherein the phases have a different density, at least one liquid first phase is continuously supplied to the chamber for treatment, the phases being in contact with each other in a course of treatment in the chamber for treatment and that through the effect of a centrifugal force they move in relation to each other.
Such a method is known in the field. Using a Pod-bielniak centrifuge a liquid, dense phase is made to counterflow with a liquid, less dense phase. The effect of the centrifugal force causes the dense liquid to shift radially outward, while the less dense liquid phase moves toward the axis of rotation. To enlarge the contact surface between the two liquid phases use is made of elements, which are concentric in relation to the axis of rotation, which elements are provided with holes.
It is the object of the present invention to improve the known method and in addition to widen the range of applications.
To this end the method according to the invention is characterized in that the second phase comprises a phase soluble in the first phase and a third phase dispersed in the soluble phase, which third phase is during treatment substantially non-aggregating, and which third phase, substantially due to the supply of the first phase, disperses finely over the breadth of the course of treatment, said treatment involving the transfer of a substance from the first phase to a third phase particle and/or from the third phase particle to the first phase.
By using a non-aggregating third phase, the time of contact required to carry out the treatment is considerably shortened. This means that a smaller apparatus will suffice to carry out the method.
In the framework of the present invention the term treatment means the carrying out of a chemical or physical process in which a substance is transferred from the first to a third phase particle and/or from the third phase particle to the first phase. Chemical processes, for example are the reaction of a reactant with at least one other reactant, including a catalyst such as an enzyme. Physical processes, for example, are adsorption, extraction as well dissolution and growth.
The present invention is therefore particularly suitable for the removal of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants from waste water or process liquids, as well as for pharmaceutical applications such as in the isolation of proteins or antibiotics from fermentation batter, or for carrying out enzymatic conversions.
The invention also relates to an apparatus for carrying out a treatment in two non-gaseous phases, which apparatus comprises a chamber for treatment to be rotatable around a drivable axis, wherein near the axis the chamber for treatment is provided with an inlet for a high density phase and at a distance from the axis with an outlet for the high density phase, as well as with an inlet for a low density phase between the outlet for the high density phase and the inlet for the high density phase, and an outlet for the low density phase between the axis and the inlet for the high density phase, and wherein the course between the inlet for the high density phase and the inlet for the low density phase is a course of treatment, wherein the course of treatment lacks means consisting of, in relation to the rotation axis, concentric parts to prevent aggregation of a phase to be supplied.
Such an apparatus is known from U.S. Pat. No. 4,225,079. In the known apparatus the second phase is dispersed in the first phase by introducing the second phase into the first phase via tubes with small holes.
It is the object of the present invention to provide an apparatus with a wider range of application.
To this end, the apparatus according to the invention is characterized in that the chamber for treatment is provided with means affecting the velocity of a first phase to be supplied in order to substantially contactless affect the velocity with which a suspended third phase supplied in a second phase, moves in the course of treatment in relation to the wall of the chamber for treatment, said means narrowing or widening the cross-section of the chamber for treatment
2
at the height of the course of treatment.
Such an apparatus is suitable for supplying a second phase comprising solid particles.
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patent: 4225079 (1980-09-01), Yoshinaga et al.
patent: 4294800 (1981-10-01), Tavlarides et al.
patent: 4798579 (1989-01-01), Penhasi
patent: 3700122 A1 (1988-07-01), None
patent: 528249 (1921-11-01), None
patent: 62-100279 (1987-09-01), None
Barson, N., et al., “Characteristics of a Podbielniak Centrifugal Extractor,”Chemical Engineering Progress, vol. 49, No. 5 (May 1953) pp. 243-252.
Ma,. Ying, et al., “Resolution of Gram Quantities of Racemates by High-speed counter-Current Chromatography,”J. of Chromatography, vol. 704, No. 1 (Jun. 2, 1995) pp. 75-81.
Bisschops Marc A. T.
Luyben Karel C A M
van der Wielen Lucas A. M.
Bird Engineering B.V.
Myers Jeffrey D.
Redding David A.
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