Radiation imagery chemistry: process – composition – or product th – Electric or magnetic imagery – e.g. – xerography,... – Radiation-sensitive composition or product
Reexamination Certificate
1999-06-04
2001-01-16
Rodee, Christopher D. (Department: 1753)
Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product th
Electric or magnetic imagery, e.g., xerography,...
Radiation-sensitive composition or product
C430S056000, C430S059600, C430S059100, C430S096000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06174636
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to high performance polymers, processes for the preparation thereof, and articles and processes for the use thereof. More specifically, the present invention is directed to high performance polymers suitable for applications such as electrophotographic imaging members and the like. One embodiment of the present invention is directed to an imaging member which comprises a conductive substrate, a photogenerating material, and a binder comprising a polymer of the formula
wherein A is
or a mixture of
wherein R is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or mixtures thereof, B is
wherein v is an integer of from 1 to about 20,
wherein z is an integer of from 2 to about 20,
wherein u is an integer of from 1 to about 20,
wherein w is an integer of from 1 to about 20,
wherein R
1
and R
2
each, independently of the other, are hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups, or aryl groups, and p is an integer of 0 or 1,
wherein p is an integer of 0 or 1,
—(CH
2
O)
t
—
wherein t is an integer of from 1 to about 20,
wherein (1) Z is
wherein p is 0 or 1; (2) Ar is
(3) G is an alkyl group selected from alkyl or isoalkyl groups containing from about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms; (4) Ar′ is
(5) X is
wherein s is 0, 1, or 2,
and (6) q is 0 or 1; or mixtures thereof, hydroxy-substituted, hydroxyalkyl-substituted, or hydroxyaryl-substituted derivatives thereof, or mixtures thereof, and n is an integer representing the number of repeating monomer units.
In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the polymer is of the formula
wherein P is a substituent which enables crosslinking of the polymer, a, b, c, and d are each integers of 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, provided that at least one of a, b, c, and d is equal to or greater than 1 in at least some of the monomer repeat units of the polymer.
In another specific embodiment of the present invention, the polymer is prepared by a process which comprises (1) providing a precursor polymer of the formula
wherein A is
B is
wherein v is an integer of from 1 to about 20,
wherein z is an integer of from 2 to about 20,
wherein u is an integer of from 1 to about 20,
wherein w is an integer of from 1 to about 20,
wherein R
1
and R
2
each, independently of the other, are hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups, or aryl groups, and p is an integer of 0 or 1,
wherein p is an integer of 0 or 1,
—(CH
2
O)
t
—
wherein t is an integer of from 1 to about 20,
wherein (1) Z is
wherein p is 0 or 1; (2) Ar is
(3) G is an alkyl group selected from alkyl or isoalkyl groups containing from about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms; (4) Ar′ is
(5) X is
wherein s is 0, 1, or 2,
and (6) q is 0 or 1; or mixtures thereof, hydroxy-substituted, hydroxyalkyl-substituted, or hydroxyaryl-substituted derivatives thereof, or mixtures thereof, and n is an integer representing the number of repeating monomer units, and (2) reacting the precursor polymer with borane, resulting in formation of a polymer of the formula
wherein A is
or a mixture of
wherein R is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or mixtures thereof.
In yet another specific embodiment of the present invention, the polymer is prepared by a process which comprises (1) providing a precursor polymer of the formula
wherein A is
B is
wherein v is an integer of from 1 to about 20,
wherein z is an integer of from 2 to about 20,
wherein u is an integer of from 1 to about 20,
wherein w is an integer of from 1 to about 20,
wherein R
1
and R
2
each, independently of the other, are hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups, or aryl groups, and p is an integer of 0 or 1,
wherein p is an integer of 0 or 1,
—(CH
2
O)
t
—
wherein t is an integer of from 1 to about 20,
wherein (1) Z is
wherein p is 0 or 1; (2) Ar is
(3) G is an alkyl group selected from alkyl or isoalkyl groups containing from about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms; (4) Ar′ is
(5) X is
wherein s is 0, 1, or 2,
and (6) q is 0 or 1; or mixtures thereof, hydroxy-substituted, hydroxyalkyl-substituted, or hydroxyaryl-substituted derivatives thereof, or mixtures thereof, and n is an integer representing the number of repeating monomer units, (2) reacting the precursor polymer with a reagent of the formula RMgX, wherein R is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or mixtures thereof and X is a halogen atom, and (3) subsequent to step 2, adding water or acid to the precursor polymer, thereby resulting in formation of a polymer of the formula
wherein A is
or a mixture of
wherein R is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or mixtures thereof.
The formation and development of images on the surface of photoconductive materials by electrostatic means is well known. The basic electrophotographic imaging process, as taught by C. F. Carlson in U.S. Pat. No. 2,297,691, entails placing a uniform electrostatic charge on a photoconductive imaging member, exposing the imaging member to a light and shadow image to dissipate the charge on the areas of the imaging member exposed to the light, and developing the resulting electrostatic latent image by depositing on the image a finely divided electroscopic material known as toner. In charge area development (CAD) systems, the toner will normally be attracted to those areas of the imaging member which retain a charge, thereby forming a toner image corresponding to the electrostatic latent image. In discharge area development (DAD) systems, the toner will normally be attracted to those areas of the imaging member which have less or no charge as a result of exposure to light, thereby forming a toner image corresponding to the electrostatic latent image. This developed image may then be transferred to a substrate such as paper. The transferred image may subsequently be permanently affixed to the substrate by heat, pressure, a combination of heat and pressure, or other suitable fixing means such as solvent or overcoating treatment.
Imaging members for electrophotographic imaging systems comprising selenium alloys vacuum deposited on substrates are known. Imaging members have also been prepared by coating substrates with photoconductive particles dispersed in an organic film forming binder. Coating of rigid drum substrates has been effected by various techniques such as spraying, dip coating, vacuum evaporation, and the like. Flexible imaging members can also be manufactured by processes that entail coating a flexible substrate with the desired photoconducting material.
Some photoresponsive imaging members consist of a homogeneous layer of a single material such as vitreous selenium, and others comprise composite layered devices containing a dispersion of a photoconductive composition. An example of a composite xerographic photoconductive member is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,121,006, which discloses finely divided particles of a photoconductive inorganic compound dispersed in an electrically insulating organic resin binder. Imaging members prepared according to the teachings of this patent contain a binder layer with particles of zinc oxide uniformly dispersed therein coated on a paper backing. The binders disclosed in this patent include materials such as polycarbonate resins, polyester resins, polyamide resins, and the like.
Photoreceptor materials comprising inorganic or organic materials wherein the charge generating and charge transport functions are performed by discrete contiguous layers are also known. Additionally, layered photoreceptor members are disclosed in the prior art, including photoreceptors having an overcoat layer of an electrically insulating polymeric material. Other layered photoresponsive devices have been disclosed, including those comprising separate photogenerating layers and charge transport layers as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,265,990, the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference. Photoresponsive materials containing a hole injecting layer overcoated with a hole transport layer, followed by an overcoating of a photogenerating layer, and a top coating of an insulating organic resin, are disclo
Fuller Timothy J.
Limburg William W.
Narang Ram S.
Pai Damodar M.
Renfer Dale S.
Byorick Judith L.
Rodee Christopher D.
Xerox Corporation
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