Pteridine derivatives as no synthase inhibitors

Details Pteridine derivatives as no synthase inhibitors Pteridine derivatives as no synthase inhibitors

1997-02-18

1999-05-11

Shah, Mukund J.

Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

Designated organic active ingredient containing

Heterocyclic carbon compounds containing a hetero ring...

544258, 544259, 544260, 544261, A61K31/495

Patent

active

059028106

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to pteridine derivatives of the formula I ##STR2## which on account of their ability to modulate endogenous nitric oxide production are useful pharmaceuticals for the prevention and control of states which are characterized by a disturbed nitric oxide level.
Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important part in all sorts of physiological processes (see, for example, R. Henning, Nachr. Chem. Tech. Lab. 41 (1993), 413; H. H. H. W. Schmidt et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1178 (1993), 153). It has, for example, a relaxing effect on the smooth vascular musculature and in this way is substantially involved in the regulation of blood pressure. It controls blood clotting via inhibition of platelet aggregation, and it is involved, for example, as a neurotransmitter in the brain in the building up of long-term memory. NO also functions as a messenger substance in the NANC nerves of the peripheral nervous system. The cytotoxic action of NO is utilized by macrophages for defense against infection.
Endogenous NO is formed from arginine with the aid of at least three different NO synthase isoenzymes (see, for example, J. F. Kerwin, Jr. and M. Heller, Med. Res. Rev. 14 (1994), 23). They differ with respect to their localization in the body, their regulability by Ca.sup.2 +/calmodulin and their inducibility by endotoxins and cytokines. The constitutive, calcium-dependent NO synthases are found, for example, in endothelium (Type III) and in the brain (Type I) and are involved there in the regulation of blood pressure and coagulation and in conduction processes. The cytokine-inducible, calcium-independent isoform (Type II) occurs in macrophages, smooth muscle cells and hepatocytes. It is able, over the long term, to produce relatively large amounts of NO and is held responsible for inflammatory processes and the cytotoxic activity of the macrophages.
A disturbed NO balance results in serious disorders and damage. Thus excessive formation of NO in septic or hemorrhagic shock leads to massive pathological blood pressure decreases. Excess NO production is involved in the formation of type 1 diabetes and atherosclerosis and also appears to be responsible for glutamate-induced neurotoxicity after cerebral ischemia. High NO concentrations can moreover lead to DNA damage as a result of deamination of cytosine. Examples of disorders which are caused indirectly or directly by a lack of endogenous NO are arterial high blood pressure, hemostasis disorders, coronary heart disease and erectile dysfunction.
The attempt to use modulation of NO production for the treatment of these syndromes has until now only been realized with the aid of arginine analogs (GB-A-2240041; WO-A-93/13055). Further potential NO synthase inhibitors discussed in the literature are N-iminoethylornithine (McCall et al., Br. J. Pharmacol. 102 (1991), 234), aminoguanidine (T. P. Misko et al., Eur. J. Pharmacol. 233 (1993), 119; EP-A-547588) and 7-nitroindazole (P. K. Moore et al., Br.J.Pharmacol. 108 (1993), 296).
Various pteridine derivatives occur in nature, and uses of pteridine derivatives as pharmaceutical active compounds have also been described. The cytostatic methotrexate is a pteridine derivative. EP-B-290819 discloses the use of pteridines, among them also those of the formula I in which R.sup.3 is hydroxyl, for the treatment of cognitive pathologies. For investigations on NO synthase which considered mechanistic questions, until now hydrogenated pteridine derivatives were especially used (see, for example, Kwon et al. (J. Biol. Chem. 264 (1989), 20496) or Giovanelli et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88 (1991), 7091)). Accordingly, tetrahydrobiopterin stimulates NO production and is a cofactor of No synthases. Stimulation of NO production was also found for 7,8-dihydrobiopterin. Hevel and Marletta (Bio-chemistry 31 (1992), 7160) report on an increase in NO synthase activity due to 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin. Nonhydrogenated pteridines, such as, for example, biopterin, pterin, folic acid or 6-hydroxymethylpterin, showed no signi

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