Use of creatine or creatine compounds for skin preservation

Details Use of creatine or creatine compounds for skin preservation Use of creatine or creatine compounds for skin preservation

1999-06-25

2001-06-05

Jarvis, William R. A. (Department: 1614)

Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

Designated organic active ingredient containing

Radical -xh acid, or anhydride, acid halide or salt thereof...

Reexamination Certificate

active

06242491

ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The creatine kinase/creatine phosphate energy system is only one component of an elaborate energy-generating system found in tissue with high and fluctuating energy requirements. The components of the creatine energy system include the enzyme creatine kinase, the substrates creatine and creatine phosphate, and the transporter of creatine. The reaction catalyzed by creatine kinase is: MgADP+PCr
=
+H
+
MgATP
=
+Cr. Some of the functions associated with this system include efficient regeneration of energy in cells with fluctuating and high energy demands, energy transport to different parts of the cell, phosphoryl transfer activity, ion transport regulation, and involvement in signal transduction pathways.
Creatine is a compound which is naturally occurring and is found in mammalian brain and other excitable tissues, such as skeletal muscle, retina and heart. Its phosphorylated form, creatine phosphate, also is found in the same organs and is the product of the creatine kinase reaction utilizing creatine as a substrate. Creatine phosphate is one of the highest energy generating compounds in the cell and creatine is an excellent stimulant of oxidative phosphorylation and high energy production. Creatine has been extensively used by body builders as a means of stimulating energy production in the skeletal muscle. Creatine and creatine phosphate can be synthesized relatively easily and are believed to be non-toxic to mammals. Creatine, creatine phosphate and the enzymes that utilize them as substrates, i.e. the creatine kinases represent an efficient system for the rapid regeneration of energy. Kaddurah-Daouk et al. (WO 92/08456 published May 29, 1992 and WO 90/09192, published Aug. 23, 1990; U.S. Pat. No. 5,321,030; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,324,731) describe methods of inhibiting the growth, transformation and/or metastasis of mammalian cells using related compounds. Examples of compounds described by Kaddurah-Daouk et al. include cyclocreatine, b-guandidino propionic acid, homocyclocreatine, 1-carboxymethyl-2-iminohexahydropyrimidine, guanidino acetate and carbocreatine. These same inventors have also demonstrated the efficacy of such compounds for combating viral infections (U.S. Pat. No. 5,321,030). Elebaly in U.S. Pat. No. 5,091,404 discloses the use of cyclocreatine for restoring functionality in muscle tissue. Cohn in PCT publication No. WO94/16687 described a method for inhibiting the growth of several tumors using creatine and related compounds. Kaddurah-Daouk et. al.(WO 96/14063) reported on the neuroprotective effect of creatine compounds especially against neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's, Parkinson's, ALS, Alzheimer's.
Aging involves death of cells or cell dysfunction due to production of free radicals, oxidative damage and energy depletion due to mitochondrial dysfunction. Harman (1988) linked senescence or death to the injurious effects of free radicals arising from the one-electron reduction of oxygen during metabolism. There has been an inverse relationship between auto-oxidation rate in different animal species and life expectancy in the same species (Cutler 1985; Sohal 1995). Mitochondria are the major source of oxygen radicals through the respiratory chain and are also deeply affected by reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in serious risks to their function. Mitochondrial dysfunction could result in defects in electron transport, oxidative phosphorylation and energy production resulting in cell damage and ultimately cell death.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to methods for protecting skin tissue against age related damage or insults such as harmful UV radiation, stress and fatigue by preserving energy pools and protecting against free radical production and oxidative stress. This is achieved by administering an amount of a creatine compound or compounds which modulate one or more of the structural or functional components of the creatine kinase/phosphocreatine system sufficient to prevent, reduce or ameliorate skin damage or skin aging. Compounds which are effective for this purpose include the natural compound creatine in its different hydration or salt forms and analogs of creatine. The compounds can be mixed in with creams, oils, emulsions and the like to be spread readily on skin surfaces. Alternatively, the compounds also can be packaged in a supplement form.
The present invention also provides compositions containing creatine compounds in combination with a pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable carrier, and effective amounts of other agents which act on tissue preservation such as antioxidants (e.g., CoQ10), vitamins such as C, B5, B6, B9, E, energy enhancing agents (for example ATP, pyruvate, nicotinamide) and skin softeners to slow the process of aging.
Packaged formulations for preventing or slowing the process of aging also are the subject of the present invention. The packaged formulations include a container holding the creatine compound, in combination with a pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable carrier, along with instructions for administering the same for the purpose of preventing, ameliorating, arresting or eliminating the process of skin aging or skin damage.


REFERENCES:
patent: 3989816 (1976-11-01), Rajadhyaksha
patent: 4017641 (1977-04-01), DiGiulio
patent: 4130667 (1978-12-01), Smith
patent: 4254105 (1981-03-01), Fukuda
patent: 4537776 (1985-08-01), Cooper
patent: 4552872 (1985-11-01), Cooper et al.
patent: 4557934 (1985-12-01), Cooper
patent: 4599379 (1986-07-01), Flesher et al.
patent: 4628078 (1986-12-01), Glover et al.
patent: 4663157 (1987-05-01), Brock
patent: 4772591 (1988-09-01), Meisner
patent: 4847069 (1989-07-01), Bissett et al.
patent: 4847071 (1989-07-01), Bissett et al.
patent: 4891227 (1990-01-01), Thaman et al.
patent: 4891228 (1990-01-01), Thaman et al.
patent: 4912248 (1990-03-01), Mueller
patent: 4960764 (1990-10-01), Figueroa, Jr. et al.
patent: 5091404 (1992-02-01), Elgebaly
patent: 5321030 (1994-06-01), Kaddurah-Daouk et al.
patent: 5324731 (1994-06-01), Kaddurah-Daouk et al.
patent: 5674703 (1997-10-01), Woo et al.
patent: 5676978 (1997-10-01), Teicher et al.
patent: 5883128 (1999-03-01), Yu et al.
patent: 5886041 (1999-03-01), Yu et al.
patent: 043738 (1981-07-01), None
patent: WO 90/09192 (1990-08-01), None
patent: WO 92/08456 (1992-05-01), None
patent: WO 94/16687 (1994-08-01), None
patent: WO 96/14063 (1996-05-01), None
Sohal, R.S. et al. “Oxidative Stress and Aging in the Mongolian Gerbil (Meriones Unguiculatus)”Mech. Ageing Dev.81(1):15-25 (1995).
Sohal, R.S. and Weindruch, R. “Oxidative Stress, Caloric Restriction, and Aging”Science273(5271):59-63 (Jul. 5, 1996).
Stadtman, E.R. “Protein Oxidation and Aging”Science257 (5074):1220-1224 (Aug. 28, 1992).
Walliman, T. et al. “Intracellular Compartmentation, Structure and Function of Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes in Tissues with High and Fluctuating Energy Demands: the ‘Phosphocreatine Circuit’ for Cellular Energy Homeostasis”Biochem. J.281:21-40 (1992).
Weindruch, R. “Interventions Based on the Possibility That Oxidative Stress Contributes to Sarcopenia”J. Gerantol., Series A 50A:157-161 (1995).
Wyss, M. and Walliman, T. “I-4 Creatine Metabolism and the Consequences of Creatine Depletion in Muscle”Mol. Cell Biochem.133/134:51-66 (1994).
Ames, B.N. et al. “Oxidants, Antioxidant, and the Degenerative Diseases of Aging ”PNAS U.S.A.90(17):7915-7922 (Sep 1993).
Bessman, S.P. “The Creatine-Creatine Phosphate Energy Shuttle”Ann. Rev. Biochem.54:831-862 (1985).
Cutler, A.J. et al. “Properties of a Microsomal Enzyme System fromLinum usitatissimum(Linen Flax) Which Oxidizes Valine to Acetone Cyanohydrin and Isoleucine to 2-Methylbutanone Cyanohydrin”Archives of Biochemistry238(1):272-279 (1985).
Davies, J.M.S. et al. “Transient Adaption of Oxidative Stress in Yeast”Arch. Biochem. Biophys.317(1):1-6 (Feb. 20, 1995).
Harman, D. “Free Radicals in Aging”Mol. Cell Biochem.84(2):155-161 (1988).
O'Gorman, E. et al. “The Role of Creatine Kinase in Inhib

Affiliated with

Also associated with

Rating

Use of creatine or creatine compounds for skin preservation does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.

If you have personal experience with Use of creatine or creatine compounds for skin preservation, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Use of creatine or creatine compounds for skin preservation will most certainly appreciate the feedback.

Rate now

Comments { 0 }

Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-2448310