Internal-combustion engines – Adjustable combustion chamber – Piston in head adjusted
Patent
1997-09-18
1998-12-01
McMahon, Marguerite
Internal-combustion engines
Adjustable combustion chamber
Piston in head adjusted
123 78D, F02D 1504, F01L 320
Patent
active
058424539
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
Cylinder heads of the above mentioned type are used in most internal combustion engines functioning as power plants for motor vehicles for example. The valves in these cylinder heads are very effective as regards controlling the gas exchange in the engine, and they are usually placed in such a manner that the valve disc is located in the combustion chamber itself.
It has been a general aim when designing internal combustion engines to increase engine efficiency by making it more adaptable to current operating conditions. By increasing the efficiency, it is intended to both reduce the fuel consumption and reduce the toxic components in the engine exhaust. To achieve this increase in efficiency under different operating conditions, there has been suggested changing the opening and closing times of the valves, changing the compression ratio and changing the system for fuel supply and ignition, with these measures being taken separately or in various combinations.
Changing the compression ratio is an effective step in increasing the efficiency of an internal combustion engine by adaptation to varying operating conditions. Devices for changing the compression ratio during operation are known, but these known devices are of complicated design and/or do not give satisfactory results in practice. Therefore there is a need for a simple device for changing the compression ratio in an internal combustion engine during the operation for adaptation to varying operating conditions.
The present invention is therefore intended to achieve a device in a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine, which device makes possible changing the compression ratio in the engine during the operation in a reliable manner. This is achieved according the invention in a device of the type described by way of introduction by virtue of the fact that the device is made with the special features disclosed in the characterizing clause of claim 1.
Specific embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the subclaims.
The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show schematic, partially cut away views of the upper portion of an internal combustion engine, where
FIG. 1 shows the engine with a valve in a first, closed position,
FIG. 2 shows the engine with a valve in a second, open position,
FIG. 3 shows the engine with a valve in a position corresponding to that shown in FIG. 2, but actuated by another valve mechanism, and
FIG. 4 shows the engine with a valve in a third, closed position.
The drawings show very schematically a portion of an internal combustion engine, which comprises a cylinder head 1 and a cylinder block 2. Of the cylinder block 2 there is only shown an upper portion with a portion of a cylinder 3 and a piston 4 arranged therein. In the cylinder head 1 and possibly partially in the cylinder 3, above the piston 4, there is a combustion chamber 5 into which a spark plug 6 extends. There is also a cam shaft 7 mounted in the cylinder head 1.
The components described above are made in a manner corresponding to a conventional engine, but it should be observed that in a multicylinder engine there are components in a number corresponding to the number of cylinders in the engine.
FIGS. 1 and 2 show an engine with a cylinder head 1, which is made with a device according to the invention, said device working in a manner which provides a first compression ratio in the engine. In FIGS. 3 and 4, the same engine is shown as in FIGS. 1 and 2, but the device according to the invention works in a manner which provides a second compression ratio in the engine. The device according to the invention comprises a valve 8 which is arranged in a channel 9 for controlling the communication between the channel 9 and the combustion chamber 5. The channel 9 can in this case either be an inlet channel or an outlet channel, and the valve 8 is an inlet valve or an outlet valve. The valve 8 has a valve disc 10 and a valve stem 11, which at its end facing away from the valve disc 10 is actuated by a
REFERENCES:
patent: 2062013 (1936-11-01), Opolo
patent: 2254173 (1941-08-01), Ericson
patent: 5101776 (1992-04-01), Ma
Fanja Ltd.
McMahon Marguerite
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