Compositions – Electrolytes for electrical devices
Patent
1990-06-08
1994-10-18
Willis, Jr., Prince
Compositions
Electrolytes for electrical devices
252 515R, 252 43, 252 51, 525375, 5253276, C10M14906, C10M15912
Patent
active
053565509
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates generally to additives for use in lubricating oil compositions comprising and processes for producing said additives. In particular, the present invention relates to additives for use as dispersants and viscosity index improvers.
Operation of internal combustion engines is accompanied by the formation of piston varnish and sludge in the crankcase and in the oil passages of the engine. The sludge and varnish seriously restrict the ability of the crankcase oil to satisfactorily lubricate the engine. Furthermore, the sludge with its entrapped water tends to contribute to rust formation in the engine. To combat the varnish and sludge in internal combustion engines it has long been the practice to incorporate, into the lubricating oil, additives in the form of dispersants. The dispersants function to disperse the components of varnish and sludge throughout the oil and thereby prevent their accumulation.
It has long been known to use nitrogen-containing compounds as dispersants and/or detergents. Many of the known nitrogen-containing dispersants and/or detergent compounds are based on the reaction of an alkenylsuccinic acid or anhydride with an amine or polyamine to produce an alkenylsuccinimide or an alkenylsuccinamic acid depending upon the nature of the reactants and the reaction conditions.
More recently, the operating demands placed on internal combustion engines have led to a desirability for the dispersant additive to make a viscosity index improver contribution to the additive package sufficient to permit elimination of all or a significant amount of the viscosity index improver additive conventionally employed in such packages. In this connection GB-A-1565627 claims a lubricating composition comprising a major amount of oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor amount of one or more carboxylic derivatives produced by reacting at least one substituted succinic acylating agent with a reactant selected from (a) an amine having within its structure at least one H--N< group, (b) an alcohol, (c) a reactive metal or reactive metal compound, and (d) a combination of two or more of any of (a) to (c), the components of (d) being reacted with said one or more substituted succinic acylating agents simultaneously or sequentially in any order, wherein said substituted succinic acylating agent(s) consist of substituent groups and succinic groups wherein the substituent groups are derived from polyalkene, said polyalkene having a Mn value of 1300 to 5000 and a M.sub.w /M.sub.n value of 1.5 to 4, said acylating agent(s) having within their structure an average of at least 1.3 succinic groups for each equivalent weight (as hereinbefore defined) of substituent groups.
Also claimed in GB-A-1565627 is a process for producing one or more of the aforementioned substituted acylating agents by heating at a temperature of at least 140.degree. C.: value of 1.5 to 4, ##STR1## wherein X and X.sup.1 are the same or different provided at least one of X and X.sup.1 is such that the substituted acylating agent can function as a carboxylic acylating agent, or X and X.sup.1 are joined and form an -O-link,
We have now found that copolymers of an olefin and a monomer (B) as defined above can be used as acylating agents in the production of lubricating oil additives. A consequence of this is that chlorine is not used in the production of the acylating agent. Where chlorine is used in the preparative procedure to produce the substituted acylating agents and the carboxylic derivatives of GB-A-1565627, then these products can contain residual chlorine which can be detrimental in lubricating oil applications.
In addition, we have attempted to produce carboxylic derivatives from olefin/maleic anhydride copolymers as the acylating agent and succinimides, but it has been our experience that under certain circumstances the product therefrom is an oil-insoluble gel. However, we have found that when the reaction is effected in the presence of high carbon number amines an oil-soluble dispersant having an excellent visco
REFERENCES:
patent: 3365399 (1968-01-01), Verdol
Cook Stephen J.
O'Connor Sean P.
BP Chemicals (Additives) Limited
Diamond Alan D.
Willis Jr. Prince
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