Internal-combustion engines – Four-cycle – Single poppet valve
Patent
1996-04-26
1997-10-07
McMahon, Marguerite
Internal-combustion engines
Four-cycle
Single poppet valve
F01L 144, F01L 320
Patent
active
056736568
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to a cylinder head of four stroke piston combustion engines with a valve gear mechanism including lifting valves for each cylinder, especially to the arrangement of the conduits and valve gear elements in the cylinder head.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
From the present state of engineering it is known that lifting valves are the most suitable valve arrangement for a four stroke engine. So far the best valve arrangement in the engine head is the multiple valve, mostly four valve arrangement. By this valve arrangement a part of the head surface is taken up by inlet valves and part by exhaust valves. The passage through the conduits and around the valves has a major influence on the engine characteristics. The cylinder head with inlet and exhaust valves in modern four stroke engines is at the limit of passage capacity and further considerable increase cannot be attained.
The idea of using the cylinder head surface for a common main conduit for inlet and exhaust from the cylinder has been known for a long time. This arrangement enables, theoretically, a considerable increase of passage capacity in the cylinder heads. The cross section of the main conduit may utilize up to 40% of the cylinder cross section. But this brings a number of problems. For instance, a common main conduit requires further valve gear components for the inlet and exhaust conduits and fitting these components to the main conduit, a greater mass and a large stroke necessary for the common lifting valve. Locating the spark plug or jet injection nozzle may cause problems. But the main problems are the aerodynamic properties of the main conduit in head and the passage around the valve. The design of the main conduit and lifting valve for inlet and exhaust of the cylinder also causes a number of problems.
GB patent GB-A-230 644 disclosed improvements in or relating to the valves of internal combustion engines of the diesel type. In a diesel internal combustion engine, the combination of a mechanically operated annular valve or group of simultaneously operated valves arranged in an annular manner, the valve or group of valves are adapted to operate both for air admission and exhaust. A central projection or head on which an inner edge of the annular valve is seated or which lies in the center of the group of valves, and a mechanically operated fuel valve is located in said projection or head.
The final features of known designs are, in general, worse than the contemporary multi valve cylinder heads.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The above-mentioned deficiencies are eliminated by a cylinder head of a four-stroke combustion engine with a valve gear with lifting valves in accordance with the invention, in which at least one inlet conduit provided with a valve and/or slide valve and at least one exhaust conduit situated in the cylinder head connect into a single main conduit. The main conduit has an orifice having the shape of an annulus, the axis of which is aligned with the main axis of the cylinder. The orifice of the main conduit is provided with an interior valve seat and an exterior valve seat, on which, in the closed position, is seated an annular, that is, ring-shaped, plate of the sole lifting valve. The exhaust conduit of the cylinder head is directly interconnected to the exhaust branch and includes no valve gear and/or slide valve gear. The size of the orifice flow cross-section area corresponds to the sum of flow cross-sectional areas around and inside the annular plate. In addition, a ratio of an inside diameter d.sub.1v of the annular plate to an outside diameter d.sub.2v of the annular plate corresponds to the ratio of the flow cross-sectional area inside the annular plate to the flow cross-sectional area outside the annular plate. The lifting valve is provided with at least one stem. A space is provided in an interior area adjacent to the valve seat in which is disposed a sparking plug and/or an injection nozzle.
The sealing surfaces of the inside valve seat and the outside valve seat are pref
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patent: 5020486 (1991-06-01), Unger
patent: 5168843 (1992-12-01), Franks
patent: 5331930 (1994-07-01), McWhorter
patent: 5398647 (1995-03-01), Rivera
Kalivoda Engineering
McMahon Marguerite
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