Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser – Synthetic resins – Processes of preparing a desired or intentional composition...
Patent
1997-09-17
2000-01-25
Cain, Edward J.
Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser
Synthetic resins
Processes of preparing a desired or intentional composition...
523172, 523200, 523210, 524439, 524440, 524441, 524418, 524420, 524430, C08K 300
Patent
active
060179813
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
Known coating materials such as, for example, wall paints for the interior of houses, are composed of binders, pigments and different additives. In most cases, white wall paints are preferred in order to take advantage of the light reflection off the walls.
In addition to the reflection of the light in the room produced by means of the light-coloured walls, it would be desirable in winter to reflect the heat radiation emitted from objects in the room and from the inside walls of the house, and from the people in the room, back onto the insides of the external walls of the room. At a temperature of 20.degree. Celsius, the internal wall of a house radiates heat energy of
Here, .epsilon.is the degree of surface emission, .sigma.is the Stefan Boltzmann constant, with 5.67.times.10.sup.-8, and T is the surface temperature in Kelvin. According to Wien's law, the wavelength associated with this temperature is 9.89 .mu.m, which is a wavelength in the heat infrared range. This means that the wall radiates a maximum radiation of 9.89 .mu.m in accordance with Planck's law of radiation. Only approximately 5% of this heat radiation is reflected from the opposite, internal side of the external wall, as the coating materials used in the home are highly absorbent of heat radiation in the wavelength of 5 to 100 .mu.m. The remaining 95% is transported to the outside by the heat conduction of the wall and is lost to the room.
When the sun shines in winter, because of the low position of the sun at this time of year, the solar radiation can, for example, strike an internal wall through a south-facing window of the house and be absorbed in accordance with the reflective properties of the wall paint in the spectral range of solar radiation of 0.3 to 2.5 .mu.m, and correspondingly converted into heat.
In normal wall paints pigments are nevertheless used which also reflect in the near infra-red range of 0.8 to 2.5 .mu.m, beyond the visible range of the solar spectrum, and therefore reflect back a large part of the solar energy in this wavelength range, like the "white" colours in the visible range. Moreover, the pigments and binders used in the normal paints have strong absorbtion bands in the heat infra-red range, that is to say in the heat radiation range. Up to 95% of the heat which could be obtained from the solar irradiation is immediately given off as heat radiation.
Although this heat is present in the room, the room is only warm when the sun shines. Because of the low energy yield in the near infra-red range and also in particular because of the immediate 95% heat emission from the surface, no energy gains can be stored for the following night.
A similar situation applies for the external sides of the house walls. Optically perceived white and pale paint colours are mainly used, more for the sake of appearance. As the pigmentation is similar to the interior paints, they also have high reflectivity in the near infra-red spectrum of sunlight. As with interior wall paints, the reflectivity of the exterior wall paints is low in the thermal infra-red range, that is to say in the heat radiation range.
Because of the strong absorbtion bands in this wavelength range, of the binders and pigments normally used, 95% of that which could be converted in the wall paint into heat from the sunlight is given off again.
The object of the present invention is to positively include the direct and diffuse sunshine also available in winter in the thermal balance of a house by simple means while still permitting aesthetic views in the colour design of house walls such as, for example, pale colours, to be considered in the normal manner.
This object is solved by the features of claim 1.
The invention relates to a coating material which can be made such that it is reflective in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum of 0.4 to 0.7 .mu.m and absorbent in the near infra-red range of 0.75 to 2.5 .mu.m. The coating material has a high reflectivity, with a low degree of absorbtion, in the thermal infra-red range of 3 to 100.mu.m, in particul
REFERENCES:
patent: 4916014 (1990-04-01), Weber et al.
Cain Edward J.
Dunn Michael L.
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