Electrical generator or motor structure – Dynamoelectric – Rotary
Patent
1993-04-20
1995-08-15
LaBalle, Clayton E.
Electrical generator or motor structure
Dynamoelectric
Rotary
310185, 310 67R, H02K 110, H02K 316, H02K 320, H02K 714
Patent
active
054422507
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is related to an electric powertrain for vehicles and in particular electric motors, inverters and switches particularly adapted thereto. The components of the powertrain may also in some cases be used separately for other purposes.
Thus the present invention is related to a high torque brushless DC motor with a low weight and a high efficiency. In the conventional way the motor has a rotor equipped with permanent magnets of alternating polarity and a stator with poles built from soft iron type material. In the stator the electrical windings are located.
Thus the present invention is also related to an inverter and motor design generally suited for brushless DC motors, induction motors and reluctance motors. The motor phases are provided with at least two winding sections of each phase, configuration switches to connect the winding sections of each phase in different configurations.
Thus the present invention is also related to a very low resistance high current switch. comprising parallel electrode surfaces arranged close to each other and a slide moving in the space between the electrode surfaces.
Apparatus according to the invention can equally well be used in association with a motor or a generator. In this text the word motor is generally used even if all described embodiments equally well can be used for generators.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Electric powertrains are devices to transfer energy from an electric power source like a battery to a torque exerted by the tires of a vehicle and also if possible to feed some of the kinetic energy back to the battery while braking. The efficiency of these systems have however been so low that an increase thereof could make a substantial improvement of the range of electric vehicles. The present art can be illustrated by the ETX-II powertrain as presented on the 10th Electric Vehicle Symposium in Hongkong during authumn 1990. The ETX-II has been developed by Ford Motor Company and General Electric Company as a major element in the US Department of Energy's Electric and Hybrid Vehicle program. The ETX-II was quoted to be "the most advanced electric vehicle in operation today". Running in urban driving conditions as described in the FUDS driving schedule, the efficiencies of the electronic power inverter during driving was 97%, the motor efficiency was 87% and the transmission and wheel losses where rolling resistance was not included was 83%. During braking the efficiencies were 70, 72 and 44 %, respectively. When taken together, the combined efficiencies are 70% for driving and 22% for braking.
It is the primary purpose of this invention to provide electric powertrains for vehicles with lower losses. The invention permits designs where most types of losses in prior art designs are reduced compared to the prior art by providing a motor with a higher efficiency in a size and torque range permitting insertion inside the tire, by providing an improved design principle for inverters and by providing a improved fluid conductor switch design. The complete inventive design or parts thereof can be used in application fields other than power trains.
DC motors using permanent magnets is a motor type most likely to achieve very high efficiencies, since the magnetic field from the permanent magnets is obtained without the losses occurring in the field windings of other DC motors or the losses incurred by magnetization currents in induction or reluctance motors. Mechanically commutated motors require extra maintenance and incur voltage and/or friction losses. Brushless DC motors seems to be the most promising candidate for the high efficient vehicle motor. The ETX-II uses such motors.
The market for brushless DC motors in the range of several watts and higher is totally dominated by designs having stators where the windings of the three phases are overlapping. This means that the area circumvented by a coil belonging to one phase do not only contain a flux carrying iron pole; it will also circumvent slots containing windings
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LaBalle Clayton E.
Stridsberg Licencing AB
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