Music – Instruments – Electrical musical tone generation
Patent
1993-01-14
1995-08-15
Shoop, Jr., William M.
Music
Instruments
Electrical musical tone generation
84657, 84669, 84685, 84715, G10H 700, G10H 138
Patent
active
054421292
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
DESCRIPTION
The invention relates to a method of automatically correcting a pitch in accordance with a harmony-dependent variable tuning, especially harmonic tuning, of a musical instrument having an input device for the input of note input signals in a pre-determined fixed tuning, especially the synchronously vibratingly tempered tuning, and having a note producing device to which the note input signals can be applied, with the following steps: ascertains, by comparison with pattern chords of a pre-determined quantity of chord patterns, whether one of these chord patterns is present; replaced by an input signal pattern corrected according to this chord pattern and is applied to the note producing device, while the signal of the signal patterns, allocated to a predetermined fundamental note of the respective chord pattern, is fixed according to the pre-determined fixed tuning and the signals of the signal pattern allocated to the other notes of the chord pattern, starting from the fundamental note, are corrected according to the variable tuning.
A long existing problem of selecting a tuning consists in that when the "harmonically pure tuning", which is preferred in the course of playing of multiharmonic music and which indeed produces pleasant-to-hear chord sounds due to partial overlap of overtones and primary tones of the chord notes, is selected, the transition from one key to the other still requires a corresponding adaptation of the tuning (even within a harmonically tuned key there are chords having a frequency ratio not corresponding to the harmonically pure tuning). In order, in the case of instruments which cannot vary their tuning during playing (for example the keyboard instruments pianoforte or organ), to render possible playing in various keys and the modulation from one key to the other, these instruments are tuned in a pre-determined fixed tuning in which the chords sound more or less equally well (or equally badly) in the keys which come into question. One example for such a fixed tuning is the tempered tuning according to Johann Sebastian Bach. However other fixed tunings have also been proposed, especially the baroque tunings "Werckmeister" and "Kirnberger" (see DE-PS 2,558,716) which prefer specific chords or keys, but at the cost of other chords or keys.
It is known from DE-A 3,304,995 to provide an electronic keyed instrument with tonality selection keys for manual operation during playing, actuation of which has the consequence that the keyed instrument is instantaneously harmonically purely tuned with regard to the selected tonality (for example C major sub-dominant). This manual actuation disturbs the flow of playing and further presumes that the player immediately recognises the tonality in each case during playing.
From DE-A 3,545,986 an electronically controlled musical instrument is known which examines successive notes as to whether they can be allocated to a key. If this is the case, next the instrument is harmonically purely tuned to the corresponding key, for example C major or E minor. For the unequivocal identification of the respective key the seven notes of an octave are needed. Thus under some circumstances the key identification takes place only after relatively long playing, or not at all. If thereafter a piece of music begins anew or a modulation or a shift takes place, the struck chords then do not sound harmonically pure. Even remote-key passing-notes, such as ornamentations or chromatic passages, cause such an instrument temporarily to cause the tonally specified harmonic tuning and to tune harmonically purely to the old tonality or possibly a new tonality only after a waiting time. Likewise such an instrument does not tune to a key, or constantly changes tuning, if multi-part music sounds which cannot be fixed to a major or minor key.
From DE-B 3,023,578 a circuit arrangement for the identification of the chord type and its fundamental note is known which serves to produce an automatic accompaniment to a melodic part played on the instrument. WO-A-80/00110 likew
REFERENCES:
patent: 4230012 (1980-10-01), Bommersbach et al.
patent: 4248119 (1981-02-01), Yamada
patent: 4300430 (1981-11-01), Bione et al.
patent: 4498363 (1985-02-01), Shimada et al.
patent: 4508002 (1985-04-01), Hall et al.
Mohrlok Herwig
Mohrlok Werner
Donels Jeffrey W.
Mohrlock Werner
Shoop Jr. William M.
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