Plastic article or earthenware shaping or treating: apparatus – With separate and distinct upstream agitating or kneading means – With cutting – severing or comminuting means
Patent
1980-07-08
1983-05-24
Thurlow, Jeffery R.
Plastic article or earthenware shaping or treating: apparatus
With separate and distinct upstream agitating or kneading means
With cutting, severing or comminuting means
264118, 264141, 264177R, 366 81, 366 89, 425208, 425376B, 425380, 426516, 426518, A23P 100
Patent
active
043848370
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE ART
This invention relates to a pretreatment apparatus for extracting extremely light-colored and high-quality crude oil from rice bran without giving rise to environmental pollution.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
There are known several pretreatment methods for extracting crude oil from rice bran, such as for example a heat treating method involving heating and drying of the material rice bran at a temperature above 80.degree. C. or a cooking method where heating and drying are performed after adding steam or hot water to the material.
According to these known methods, the heat-instable components in the rice bran undergo the thermal changes (such as fixation of the coloring matter, promoted migration of the acetone insolubles into oil, etc.) under the actions of heat and oxygen in the air during the cooking treatment, resulting in production of only dark-brownish crude oil containing many impurities. Further, refining of such crude oil requires the completed processing steps, a large quantity of chemicals and much energy and labor and also involves the problem of generation of hard-to-treat soil water and a great volume of waste clay. Also, in the case of steam cooking, a peculiar offensive smell would be produced to cause environmental pollution.
In the extraction operation, it is common practice to pelletize the steamed rice bran with the object of promoting material migration in the liquid and hydro-extraction of the extracting solvent, but since a heat treatment with steam is involved in the process, it was impossible with such means to obtain crude oil with good quality. An ordinary type of screw extruder can be used for molding of said steamed rice bran because such steamed rice bran, unlike raw bran, is highly viscous and fluid and hence easily pelletizable. However, direct pelletization of raw bran by an extruder requires the treatment to be carried out under a high pressure because of poor viscosity and fluidity.
The dies employed in the commonly used screw extruders can not stand high pressures (above 400 kg/cm.sup.2), and if the die wall thickness is increased for providing endurance against such high pressures, the die slot is necessarily elongated to increase the surface area of the slot so that a higher pressure is required for accomplishing the desired extruction. Thus, great difficulties were involved with the use of a common type screw extruder for the pretreatment for extracting crude oil from rice bran.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a pretreatment apparatus for extracting extremely light-colored and high-quality crude oil from rice bran, in which the material (rice bran) is compressed by a screw extruder to break the cells in the rice bran and mold it into a form suited for extracting the crude oil from a die set at the front end of the extruder.
According to this invention, rice bran is treated by a screw extruder at a relatively low temperature under a high pressure and in a very short period of time with the material being kept clear of oxygen so that the material undergoes no thermal change which may otherwise be caused by the actions of heat and oxygen in the air as often seen in the conventional methods. Also, it is possible to obtain extremely light-colored and high-quality crude oil at the time of extraction, and no offensive smell is produced in the process to ensure its advantage with respect to environmental protection, too.
This invention provides an apparatus comprising a cylinder 1 opened at its front end and having at its rear end a hopper 2 for supplying rice bran, a screw 6 provided in said cylinder so as to be driven by a driving power source, said screw being so configured that the rice bran in the cylinder 1 will be carried forwards with revolution of the screw and that the compression ratio of rice bran will become higher as it is transferred forwardly, a ring-shaped molding die 10 adapted at the front end of said cylinder 1, and a head 9 mounted securely at the foremost end of the screw 10 such that a minute space is defined
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Kojo Sosa Series (No. 18) Zoryu-hen, 1-1972, Kaga-Ku Kogyo-sha, Wakinohama Hiroshi, "Oshidashi Shiki Zoryuki To Sono Sochi", pp. 18-32.
Murai Saburo
Nakagawa Kiyoshi
Farber Martin A.
Oryza Oil & Fat Chemical Co., Ltd.
Thurlow Jeffery R.
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