Heating – Accessory means for holding – shielding or supporting work... – Support structure for heat treating ceramics
Patent
1995-10-13
1997-09-16
Kamen, Noah P.
Heating
Accessory means for holding, shielding or supporting work...
Support structure for heat treating ceramics
432241, F27D 500
Patent
active
056673795
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a charging rack for receiving shaped bodies made of ceramic and glass-ceramic materials, which are baked in a furnace, particularly in a roller-type furnace, whereby the charging rack has the shape of a grid and consists of a frame assembled from a plurality of parts, as well as a plurality of supporting parts, and whereby the parts of the charging rack are manufactured from refractory materials.
Ceramic materials comprise raw materials containing clay minerals and are processed to ceramic articles (e.g. crockery; sanitary ceramics; construction ceramics) by shaping at room temperature and subsequent baking. Glass-ceramic materials comprise glasses which, following shaping and a subsequent heat treatment, are processed to glass-ceramic articles. Partly controlled devitrification occurs in the course of the thermal treatment due to partial crystallization. The baking or heat treatment of ceramic and glass-ceramic materials is carried out at temperatures of 800.degree. to 2000.degree. C., preferably at 1000.degree. to 1400.degree. C., in furnaces which are operated both in batch and continuous operations. The articles shaped from ceramic or glass-ceramic materials are, in many cases, arranged on charging racks, which are then loaded in the furnace, and removed from the latter after the baking process has been completed. Such charging racks have been successfully used especially in continuous furnace operations, which are preferably carried out in roller-type furnaces, because such racks protect the shaped bodies against damage as the latter are being passed through the furnace, and facilitate the handling of the shaped articles.
Known charging racks preferably comprise ceramic materials such as, for example cordierite or mullite, and have the shape of boards. Such charging racks have to be heated and cooled gradually because of their low thermoshock stability. The continuous operation of the baking process is prolonged in a disadvantageous way due to said material property. The known charging racks, which are manufactured from conventional metals, have a low resistance to corrosion and low high-temperature stability, which has an adverse effect on their useful life. Furthermore, owing to their low high-temperature stability, the charging racks made of conventional metallic materials are required to have a high structural weight, which negatively affects the energy household of the baking furnace.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the invention is to overcome the problem of creating a charging rack that has a low structural weight and a long useful life; which is resistant to corrosion, and which can be heated and cooled rapidly in the course of the baking process.
The problem forming the basis of the invention is solved in that the parts of the frame of the charging rack are manufactured from a dispersion-hardened iron or nickel-based alloy, and the supporting parts of the charging rack are made of the same dispersion-hardened iron- or nickel-based alloy, or from silicon carbide, an oxide-ceramic material, a superalloy, or from steel.
The individual supporting parts of the charging rack, which is shaped in the form of a grid, have surfaces suitable for receiving the shaped articles to be baked. The forces originating from the mass of the individual supporting parts and from the mass of the shaped bodies arranged on the supporting parts are introduced into the frame of the charging rack, the latter consisting of a material having very high thermal stability and, therefore, a relatively low inherent weight. The individual supporting parts have a low inherent weight also because they are required to support only a small number of shaped bodies. Since the structural size of the supporting parts is limited, such parts can be manufactured also from silicon carbide, an oxide-ceramic material (material produced from oxides with the exception of SiO.sub.2, and from oxide compounds, using ceramic methods), from a superalloy, or from steel, whereby steel shou
REFERENCES:
patent: 1969126 (1934-08-01), Forse
patent: 2434852 (1948-01-01), Jackson
patent: 3992139 (1976-11-01), Lovatt
patent: 5154984 (1992-10-01), Morita et al.
Kamen Noah P.
Schwarzkopf Technologies Corporation
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