Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus – product – and – Current producing cell – elements – subcombinations and... – Include electrolyte chemically specified and method
Patent
1994-02-04
1996-03-12
Kalafut, Stephen
Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus, product, and
Current producing cell, elements, subcombinations and...
Include electrolyte chemically specified and method
528391, 558 41, 558 55, H01M 1040
Patent
active
054984912
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention is directed to novel vinyl sulfonate derivatives as well as to solid electrolytes derived by polymerization of such vinyl sulfonate derivatives.
2. State of the Art
Electrolytic cells comprising an anode, a cathode and a solid, solvent-containing electrolyte are known in the art and are usually referred to as "solid cells" or "solid batteries". These cells offer a number of advantages over electrolytic cells containing a liquid electrolyte (i.e., "liquid cells" or "liquid batteries") including improved safety features.
The solid, solvent-containing electrolyte employed in such solid batteries contains either an inorganic matrix or an organic polymeric matrix as well as a suitable inorganic ion salt. Because of their expense and difficulty in forming into a variety of shapes, inorganic non-polymeric matrices are, however, not preferred, and the art typically employs a solid electrolyte containing an organic or inorganic polymeric matrix.
Suitable organic polymeric matrices are well known in the art and are typically organic homopolymers obtained by polymerization of a suitable organic monomer as described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,908,283 or copolymers obtained by polymerization of a mixture of organic monomers. Suitable organic monomers include, by way of example, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, ethyleneimine, epichlorohydrin, ethylene succinate, urethane acrylate, and an acryloyl-derivatized polyalkylene oxide containing an acryloyl group of the formula CH.sub.2 .dbd.CR'C(O))-- where R' is hydrogen or lower alkyl of from 1-6 carbon atoms.
One problem associated with the polymerization of certain organic monomers is that rather strong conditions are required to effect the desired degree of polymerization. The strong conditions used can have an adverse effect on the partially manufactured battery components treated under these conditions. Accordingly, the art has been searching for organic monomers which are readily polymerized and which, when polymerized, form suitable solid polymeric matrices for use in preparing solid electrolytes.
Additionally, suitable organic monomers preferably contain at least one hetero atom capable of forming donor acceptor bonds with inorganic cations (e.g., alkali ions). When polymerized, these compounds form a polymer suitable for use in an ionically conductive matrix in a solid electrolyte.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention is directed, in part, to the discovery of novel vinyl sulfonate derivatives (i.e., monomers) which are readily polymerized, and, when polymerized, the resulting polymer forms an ionically conductive solid matrix. The organic monomers of this invention are selected from the group consisting of the compounds set forth in formulas A, B, C, D and E below:
i. ##STR1##
where R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl group of from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; Z is selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbyl group of from 1 to 30 carbon atoms and a compatible ethylenically unsaturated moiety of from 2 to 6 carbon atoms; and n is an integer from about 2 to 50;
ii. ##STR2## wherein R.sup.3 is an alkylene group of from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and Z is selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbyl group of from 1 to 30 carbon atoms and a compatible ethylenically unsaturated moiety of from 2 to 6 carbon atoms;
iii. ##STR3## wherein each R.sup.4 is independently selected from the group consisting of --(OCH.sub.2 CHR.sup.2)--.sub.m OZ' where R.sup.2 is hydrogen or an alkyl group of from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, Z' is a compatible ethylenic unsaturated moiety of from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and m is an integer from 0 to 50;
with the proviso that at least one Z' is ##STR4## wherein R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl of from 1 to 6 carbon at
REFERENCES:
patent: 3335163 (1967-08-01), Tesoro et al.
patent: 4079084 (1978-03-01), Houghton
patent: 4737422 (1988-04-01), Knight et al.
patent: 4830939 (1989-05-01), Lee et al.
patent: 4908283 (1990-03-01), Takahashi et al.
patent: 4925751 (1990-05-01), Shackle et al.
patent: 5262253 (1993-11-01), Golovin
Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 15, No. 515 (P-1293) Dec. 29, 1991, For JP. 3-223841 (Konica).
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