Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Measuring or testing process involving enzymes or... – Involving viable micro-organism
Patent
1991-09-27
1997-08-26
Gitomer, Ralph
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Measuring or testing process involving enzymes or...
Involving viable micro-organism
435 30, 435297, C12Q 104, C12Q 124
Patent
active
056609981
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a method for the rapid detection of microorganisms in a multiplicity of samples, such as, for example, urine, blood, water, foodstuffs, pharmaceutical raw materials and products, such as, for example, ointments, liquid preparations, etc., which as a rule should be free from such microorganisms or for which certain, specified limiting values for the total germ count or for individual, defined representatives of microorganisms should not be exceeded, as well as a device for carrying out the method.
Detection work of this type is carried out on a large scale in the clinical sector (sepsis, urinary tract infections, liquor testing) and non-clinical sector (assessment of the freedom from germs or the contamination of starting materials and end products, such as, for example, water, milk, foodstuffs, etc.), since the results of such tests are of great clinical significance but also of great significance for quality control, stability assessment and other product and production method tests, for example in industrial sectors. Because of the frequent possibility of exponential growth of the microorganisms to be detected and of the very early detection of, for example, infections, which is often necessary in the clinical sector to instigate therapeutic measures, for example in the case of life-threatening sepsis, or in the non-clinical sector, for example in the case of the production of pharmaceuticals, in order to reduce the unusability of entire batches, for example in the case of the use of contaminated starting materials, with possibly considerable economic consequences, a detection even of low germ counts (for example <10.sup.5 per ml or g of sample) within as short as possible a time is required.
In the current state of the art, the methods used for carrying out detection tests are as a rule either methods which permit very rapid and highly specific detection of very small amounts of specific individual groups of microorganisms or methods which are able to detect a large variety of different microorganisms non-specifically, less rapidly and with comparatively distinctly larger amounts of microorganisms (approximately >10.sup.5 bacteria per ml of test sample) (for a review compare, for example: Bergan, T. in: Methods in Microbiology, Vols. 14-16, London, Orlando, San Diego, San Francisco, New York, Toronto, Montreal, Sydney, Tokyo, Sao Paulo: Academic Press (1984); Kipps, T. J., Herzenberg, L. A., in: Habermehl, K.-O.: Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology and Immunology, Berlin, New York, Tokyo: Springer Verlag (1985); Toorova, T. P., Antonov, A. S., in: Colwell, R. R. and Grigorova, R.: Methods in Microbiology, Vol. 19, London, Orlando, San Diego, New York, Austin, Boston, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto: Academic Press (1987); Thronsberry, C., in: Habermehl, K.-O.: Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology and Immunology, Berlin, New York, Tokyo: Springer Verlag (1985); Carlberg, D. M., in: Lorian, V.: Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine, Baltimore, London, Los Angeles, Sydney: Williams & Wilkins (1986)). The first group includes in particular molecular-biological detection methods, with which the detection takes place indirectly by detection of a reaction of the sample, for example with monoclonal antibodies or also by DNA/DNA hybridization and similar techniques. A characteristic feature of these techniques is the necessity for the (expensive) production and preparation of highly specific reagents for each individual type of microorganism to be detected. It is, however, an advantage of these methods that a detection of the microorganisms at the same time already comprises an identification--accurate to a greater or lesser extent depending on the specificity of the reagents used--of the type of microorganism detected, insofar as cross-reactions with other types of organism, which are a frequent problem, can be disregarded. The use of these methods, which in any case is hardly routine to date, is therefore restricted for the foreseeable future to individual, particularly impo
REFERENCES:
patent: 4634676 (1987-01-01), Sapatino
patent: 5061621 (1991-10-01), Perlman
patent: 5112745 (1992-05-01), Lorr
patent: 5137812 (1992-08-01), Matner
Derwent's abstract Nr. 395 55 C/22, SU 690 069 publ. week 8022 No Date Avail.
Derwent's abstract Nr. 682 45X/36, SU 490 820, publ. week 36 No Date Avail.
Dickscheit: Handbuch der mikrobiologischen Laboratoriumstechnik, Publication Theodor Steinkopff, Dresden, 1967 pp. 107-121.
Labischinski Harald
Naumann Dieter
Bruker Analytik GmbH
Gitomer Ralph
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