Surgery – Respiratory method or device – Face mask covering a breathing passage
Patent
1996-01-16
1997-08-26
Millin, Vincent
Surgery
Respiratory method or device
Face mask covering a breathing passage
12820621, A61M 1600
Patent
active
056601743
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention concerns a buccal respiratory mask.
The use of respiratory mask for non-invasive ventilation is more and more frequent. The most usual indication is the mechanic ventilation of patients suffering from transient respiratory failure, as for example, post-surgery intensive care or acute failure of chronic respiratory deficiency. This method provides an alternative to invasive methods of artificial ventilation with endotracheal tube (related with many complications).
Respiratory masks now proposed, which are either nasal or naso-buccal (facial mask), do not give full satisfaction.
In fact, one of the main problem related to non-invasive ventilation with mask, is to ensure a perfect air-tightness between the mask and the patient's face. So that the gas propulsed by the respirator can reach entirely the lungs of the patient.
Gas losses are unfortuntely frequent because respiratory therapy involves sometimes great positive pressure (it may reach 35 cm of water), and because the masks have to fit with any faces of the patients. When they occur, these gas losses are deleterious because the patient does not receive the necessary gas volume for his treatment. In addition, due to the face shape, these gas losses occur generally at the nose's roots, the gas escaping in the eyes, which may lead to conjunctivitis and interruption of the ventilation by mask.
In order to prevent these gas losses, in spite of the presence of seal made of different kinds of materials (flexible membranes, foam, inflated structures . . . ), the therapist has often to exert on the fastening means (harness, strap . . . ) a great tension. This tension leads to trauma of the compression points (especially the root of the nose, but also the suborbital area) which is prejudicial to the patient's comfort and prohibits a long use of mask if important cutaneaous injuries which may lead to necessary stop the ventilation by mask are avoided.
In addition, an other drawback of the nasal or naso-buccal masks is that they present a great inner volume because they have to enclose the nose. This leads to an important dead volume and so increases the amount breathed out gas which is re-inhaleted. For an adult naso-buccal mask, these volumes are comprised between 180 ml and 300 ml. For a child nasal mask,, these volumes are comprised between 100 ml and 150 ml.
There also exist a kind of buccal respiratory system consisting of a pipette connected to a respirator. These pipettes are used by patients who are conscious under artificial ventilation few hours a day (especially patients with chronic respiratory failure). A mouthpiece allows to secure a little bit one of these pipettes to the patient's face. But, for the following detailed reasons, this system is not fit for intensive care use. Its air-tightness is not sufficient for drowsy or agitated patients (inadequate fastening means, too important overhang, possibility for the agitated patients to easely push out the pipette with their teeth). In addition, in case of prolonged ventilation (in fact, it can take place 22 hours a day), the use of a pipette is not comfortable for the patients. Finally, in case of moderate regurgitation or expectoration, these are inhaleted by the patient (no space to put them, no way for the therapist to see them and to remove mouthpiece and the pipette to avoid their inhalation).
The present invention intends to overcome the disadvantages related to the different way of non-invasive ventilation, by means of a buccal respiratory mask.
In fact, contrary to received ideas, it has been found that buccal respiratory masks serve favourably as substitute for the different systems actually used for non-invasive ventilation.
Lighter, smaller, with a minimum inner volume (thus decreasing the dead volume and so the rebreathing) and provided with a better adequacy, the applying of a air-tightness buccal mask and its bearing on the patient's face are made easier.
The main disadvantages of the existing masks (nasal or naso-buccal) do not exist anymore; as a matter of fact, no
REFERENCES:
patent: 4274406 (1981-06-01), Bartholomew
patent: 4449526 (1984-05-01), Elam
patent: 5069205 (1991-12-01), Urso
Millin Vincent
Wieland Robert N.
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